Enhanced dissipation of kinetic energy beneath surface waves

Article Abstract:

Turbulence in Lake Ontario associated with strong wave breaking indicated that kinetic energy near the air-water interface dissipated faster than the wall-layer theory had forecast. This theory holds that the turbulence is structured in the surface layer in a manner analogous to wall-bounded shear flows. However, short-term measurements of kinetic energy dissipation may be lower than the actual rates if wave breaking is intermittent. Any new theory of upper mixed layer dynamics will have to explain the complexities of wave breaking.

Research, Lake Ontario, Hydrography, Water waves

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Field evidence for surface-wave-induced instability of sand dunes

Article Abstract:

A three-year field study in the Moroccan Sahara is combined with a model study to show that barchans are fundamentally unstable and do not necessarily behave like stable solitary waves as suggested previously. It is found that dune collisions and changes in wind direction destabilize the dunes and generate surface waves on the barchans.

Analysis, Physical geography, Sand dunes, Dunes, Eolian processes

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Salting the surface

Article Abstract:

Issues are presented concerning the electrostatic interactions which occur when one type of material is produced on the surface of a very different one. The use of these interactions to control nanoscale structure is discussed.

Innovations, Nanotechnology, Electrostatics

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