Evolutionary biology: Out of thin air

Article Abstract:

Biologists believe that algae and particular class of bacterium called cyanobacteria produced molecular oxygen ([O.sub.2]) as a waste product of photosynthesis. The molecular machines, photosystem I and photosystem II, act as electrochemical solar cells and the electron carrier NAD[P.sup.+] transfers the electrons to carbon dioxide, providing the energy to make carbon-based sugars and the other molecules of life, where light makes life and oxygen out of water and thin air.

United Kingdom, Physiological aspects, Algae, Photosynthesis

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Introns and the origin of nucleus-cytosol compartmentalization

Article Abstract:

The possible evolutionary significance of introns in the wake of mitochondrial origins is studied. The mutational decay of introns into spliceosomal introns created a strong selective pressure to exclude ribosomes from the vicinity of chromosomes, forcing the nucleus-cytosol compartmentalization, which allowed translation to occur on properly matured mRNAs only.

Messenger RNA, Introns, Cytosol

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Early evolution comes full circle

Article Abstract:

A new view that the use of phylogenetic trees by biologists to depict the history of life is not the best way to summarize life's deepest evolutionary relationships is presented. Microbes use two mechanisms of natural variation namely lateral gene transfer and endosymbiosis that are not according to the rules of tree-variation.

United States, Evolution (Biology), Phylogeny (Botany), Plant phylogeny, Evolution

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