Formation of dwarf galaxies in tidal tails

Article Abstract:

Mathematical modeling of the meeting of two disk galaxies shows that such encounters can give rise to dwarf galaxies, composed of galactic material torn from the main galaxies by tidal forces. Because these dwarf galaxies have less dark matter than their parent galaxies, they should have a higher light-to-mass ratio. They may also have different abundances of metals because they were not formed in the primordial era, but are instead composed of material that has been processed in the deeper gravitational wells of large galaxies.

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Starbursts in the nuclei of shell galaxies

Article Abstract:

New simulations of merging, shell-forming elliptical galaxies indicate that the gaseous and stellar components of such systems are separate. The stars become sharp-edged in form by moving back and forth in their orbits while the gas arranges itself as a compact disk or ring around the primary galactic nuclei. Shocks in the gas may cause new stars to coalesce. Hence mergers or collisions between large big galaxies and satellite galaxies abundant in gas may be how dormant elliptical galaxies are reactivated.

Observations, Stars, Elliptical galaxies

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Phoenix galaxies

Article Abstract:

Molecular hydrogen has been discovered between galaxies for the first time. The cloud is believed to have formed in intergalactic space, rather than as a result of tidal attraction between two galaxies. It may therefore represent an intermediate stage between atomic gas clouds and young dwarf galaxies. Many dwarf galaxies may have been formed by recent dynamical processes, rather than primordially.

Discovery and exploration, Galactic evolution, Interstellar molecules

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