Gatekeepers and caretakers: cancer-susceptibility genes

Article Abstract:

It had been thought that cancer-susceptibility genes acted as 'gatekeepers', controlling cellular proliferation directly. However, there is evidence that many genetic predispositions to cancer are caused by the genes maintaining the integrity of the 'caretakers' (genomes). The different properties of BRCA1 and BRCA2, breast cancer susceptibility genes, reflecting the differences between gatekeeper and caretaker genes, are referred to. These differences have important ramifications for the treatment of tumours.

Analysis, Genetic aspects, Genomes, Cancer genetics

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What's mice got to do with it?

Article Abstract:

Studies on mouse knockouts, lacking the BRCA1 gene are useful for understanding development of human cancer. The BRCA1-null mice die early showing that the BRCA1 protein is the transcription factor responsible for inhibition of cell growth. Humans with homozygous BRCA1 mutations or P53 mutations are predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer. However, the mutations have no such effect in heterozygous mice. The availability of knockout mice may help in finding out the location of the BRCA1 gene in mice.

Gene mutations, Gene mutation, Mice, Mice (Rodents), Oncogenes

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Achilles' heel of cancer?

Article Abstract:

Issues are presented concerning the possible role of the protein p53 in the suppression of cancerous cells. The physiological process which causes the inactivation of the p53 protein in the majority of human cancers is discussed.

Proteins, Oncogenic viruses

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