How to tell a cell where it is

Article Abstract:

Long-range signalling provides positional information to embryonic cells and diffusible morphogens specify the cell type. In Drosophila, the decapentaplegic gene produces Dpp protein that has a long-range organizing effect in both halves of the wing. The optomotor-blind (omb) gene is expressed when the Dpp level is low, and both omb and spalt are expressed when the Dpp level is high. In Xenopus, the expression of the genes goosecoid and Xbra due to diffusion of activin indicates the existence of diffusible morphogens.

Analysis, Observations, Genetic regulation, Cell differentiation, Drosophila, Xenopus

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Angles on activin's absence

Article Abstract:

Research on the effect of activin and follistatin on mammalian body development reveal that the follistatin has more positive influences on the development process. The follistation enhances the induction of neural tissues and mesoderms during the growth cycle. The process of active cell signalling is impaired and several other developmental processes are affected when follistatin is absent in an animal species.

Research, Growth, Developmental biology, Mammals

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Nice work - but is it science?

Article Abstract:

Scientific theory makes predictions that are tested by empirical observation, and the results are always provisional, in that they may be refuted by experimentation or observation done in the future. The problem with the environmental and ecological sciences is that their theory can often only be tested in a laboratory, and the laboratory results frequently do not extrapolate into the natural world.

Testing, Environmental sciences, Ecology

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