Identifying magma-water interaction from the surface features of ash particles

Article Abstract:

Non-explosive thermal granulation does not seem to play a significant part in the magma-water interaction dynamics of La Fossa di Vulcano, the young crater of the active Italian volcanic island of Vulcano. Research involving a study of natural pyroclastic sequences linked with scaled laboratory experiments produced artificial pyroclasts that generally covered all grain sizes and shape properties of the natural ones. However, the mean sizes of the grain size distributions of the experimental particles were coarser than the natural deposits. The presence of a small quantity of 'marker' particles in the 'dry' surge deposits shows that a small amount of excess water was present during the eruption.

Volcanoes

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C60's smallest cousin

Article Abstract:

Bulk fullerene production is dominated by the thermodynamically favoured pathway, the fullerene road. Evidence for this has been provided by preparing bulk amounts of C36 using the Kratschmer, Lamb, Fostiropoulos and Huffman synthesis. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of solid-state C36 show that it probably has D6h symmetry. This implies that it has a six-fold rotation axis. It is probable that C36 is the smallest fullerene that is likely to be made in bulk form.

Carbon allotropes

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