Kicking off the insulin cascade

Article Abstract:

A group of factors involved in inhibition of the insulin-signaling pathway - the ARNO/cytohesin family of Arf activators, which leads to insulin resistance, an early step in the development of type 2 diabetes are reported. Arf proteins, molecular switches that control the assembly of multiprotein complexes onto membranes, rely on guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which use their Sec7 domain to catalyze the exchange of GDP and GTP to activate the Arf proteins that mediate the formation of protein complexes on cellular membranes.

Type 2 diabetes, Protein research, Chemical properties

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Structure of a natural guanine-responsive riboswitch complexed with the metabolite hypoxanthine

Article Abstract:

A study is conducted to report the crystal structure of the purine-binding domain of the guanine riboswitch, at 1.95 angstrom resolution, from the xpt-pbuX operon of Bacillus subtilis bound to hypoxanthine, a prevalent metabolite in the bacterial purine salvage pathway. This structure reveals a complex RNA fold involving several phylogenetically conserved nucleotides that create a binding pocket that almost completely envelops the ligand.

Bacillus subtilis

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Micro mystery solution

Article Abstract:

The mechanism by which herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) hide unseen in the cells of an infected person for long periods against a vigorous immune response and then re-emerge to cause harm was a mystery for long. It was found that microRNAs (miRNAs) in a small HSV-1 gene help some infected neurons to survive, thereby enabling the virus to remain hidden in them and re-emerge later.

Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing, Analytical instruments, Electron & Proton Microscopes, Usage, Diagnosis, Genetic aspects, Herpes simplex, Electron microscopes

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