Localized excitations in a vertically vibrated granular layer

Article Abstract:

Two-dimensional localized excitations, oscillons, in granular material tend to congregate into molecular and crystalline structures. Granular standing waves in sand result from collisions between particles. Small, stable, and circularly symmetric oscillons are part of these waves. There is a lack of equations of motion for the quantitative explanation of the formation and interaction of oscillons. Experiments and simulations suggest the importance of the cooperative role of dissipation and hysteresis in their formation. Their occurrence in other physical systems is suggested.

Observations, Hysteresis, Hysteresis (Physics), Oscillation, Oscillations, Standing waves

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Structural features in a brittle-ductile model of continental extension

Article Abstract:

It is possible to use a wax model to analyze the gross structural impact of a continuous brittle-ductile transition on continental lithosphere under pure shear extension. The models showed signs of the formation of distributed and discrete rifting, as well as instrusion and occlusion by the ductile lower layer of the upper brittle layer. Some controversial structures can be obtained in a wax model, and are therefore likely in the Earth's crust.

Earth, Crust (Geology), Continental margins

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