Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism

Article Abstract:

Some mantle structures and processes, as well as several of the models based on it, are discussed. Basaltic volcanism can sample the Earth's mantle to great depths since solid-state convection transports deep material into the melting region. Based on the isotopic and trace-element chemistry of these basalts, the mantle is composed of some isotopically and chemically distinct components, reflecting its global evolution. This evolution is marked by upper-mantle depletion of some trace elements, possible replenishment from the deeper, less depleted mantle and the recycling of oceanic crust and lithosphere.

Earth, Geochemistry, Mantle (Geology)

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Strain-induced magma fragmentation in explosive eruptions

Article Abstract:

Volcanic explosive eruptions are distinguished by magma fragmentation, but the underlying mechanism responsible for magma fragmentation is not clear. A model has been developed where fragmentation criteria is included in the multiphase fluid-dynamic description of magma ascent. The results show the feasibility of strain-induced brittle fragmentation of magma, bringing together experimental and theoretical studies.

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Explosive volcanism may not be an inevitable consequence of magma fragmentation

Article Abstract:

Research indicates that non-explosive fragmentation due to viscous shear can occur in both effusive and explosive eruptions, which degass magma and inhibit the explosive behavior of magma.

United States, Analysis, Rocks, Igneous, Igneous rocks, Properties

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