Money turmoil poses awkward questions

Article Abstract:

The rise in value of Germany's Deutschemark (DM) and the US dollar's simultaneous drop have brought upheaval to the foreign exchanges. The DM's worth against the dollar has gone up by about 20% since Jan 1992. Germany's higher interests rates provide a superficial explanation for the DM's performance. However, the currency exchangers' expectations that the DM will become even stronger following the realigning of EC currencies is the underlying reason. The dollar's weakness derives from the $400 to $500 billion US budget deficit at the end of FY 1992.

Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, International economic relations, Dollar (United States), Mark (Germany)

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Gene patents: the decision of the US Patent Office not to protect gene fragments is welcome, but questions remain

Article Abstract:

The Patent Office in Sep 1992 acted wisely in turning down over 2,000 human gene patent applications submitted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This decision will prevent the NIH and any other research group from obtaining exclusive rights to genes that have been only partially cloned by means of cDNA. Gene patents of this sort would have had a chilling effect on further human genome research. However, many questions connected with gene patents must still be settled such as the utility of gene sequences.

Cases, Intellectual property, United States. National Institutes of Health, Patent law, United States. Patent and Trademark Office, Genetic research

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Original questions

Article Abstract:

The understanding of physics and how the universe began is impended by a lack of coherent quantum description of gravity. A synthesis of ideas relating to the importance of quantum gravitational effects can fill in the gaps in knowledge.

United States, General relativity (Physics), Quantum gravity

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