Relative importance of vision and olfaction for detection of estrus by bulls

Article Abstract:

Results of an experimental study was conducted to compare the relative influence indicated that under situations where physical contact is not possible, bulls use visual observation of homosexual behavior of heifers as an indicator of estrus. The study assessed the influence of visual observation of heifers' mounting behavior and olfactory cues, on identification of estrus by bulls. Bulls' were exposed to heifers in diestrus (D), heifers in estrus that were allowed to mount (EM) and heifers in estrus that were not allowed to mount (E). Statistical analysis of the bulls' responses indicated that olfactory cues provide inadequate stimulus to bulls for detecting estrus.

Sexual behavior, Research, Influence, Smell, Bulls, Estrus, Bulls (Cattle)

---

The relative cost of children's physical play

Article Abstract:

Energy expenditures expressed in terms of caloric usage which are related to physical play were examined in four field experiments of play in primary school children. Results showed that physical play was more costly than other forms of behavior and games. Estimates of total energetic expenses of play varied from 6% to 15%. Findings were examined in terms of the relatively low caloric expenditures for play.

Physiological aspects, Children, Students, Play, School children

---

Context-dependent fright reactions in captive European minnows: the importance of naturalness in laboratory experiments

Article Abstract:

Fright-reaction in minnows has been investigated in laboratory conditions but little work has been done in near-natural environments. Experiments in a fluvarium combine the advantages of a natural environment with ease of observation. An investigation into the responses of ostariophysan fish to the alarm substance Schreckstoff shows that their fright reaction is context-dependent.

Behavior, Environmental aspects, Observations, Animal experimentation, Alarm responses (Animal behavior), Alarm signaling (Animal communication), Minnows, Catfishes

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Breaking the chain of addiction. Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Equity and addiction
• Abstracts: Near-field probing of vibrational absorption for chemical microscopy. And there was light!
• Abstracts: Modeling controlled burning and trampling reduction for conservation of hudsonia montana. Selection of islands for conservation in the urban archipelago of Helsinki, Finland
• Abstracts: Cladogenesis and morphological diversification in passerine birds. Leap of faith: how birds - and instinct - led the Pennsylvanians to Ecuador
• Abstracts: Tanzania's tragic trade. The far reach of the barbaric fur trade: Asia's dog and cat fur business. Rebirth of the Ruaha

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.