Seismic reflection image revealing offset of Andean subduction-zone earthquake locations into oceanic mantle

Article Abstract:

Subduction zone geometries have been constrained by the spatial distribution of Wadati-Benioff zones, or earthquake hypocentres. Seismic reflection and refraction data throughout the central Andean subduction zone is reported. It shows that comparison of the location of the boundary with earthquake hypocentres, offsets most of the intermediate-depth seismicity into the subducting oceanic mantle, instead of lying with the crust, as is often assumed.

Observations, Plate tectonics, Seismological research, Subduction zones (Geology), Subduction zones

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Last rights

Article Abstract:

Scientists and researchers have a duty to examine various options available and use the most humane means available for killing laboratory animals. The main alternative for carbon dioxide, where large number of animals is involved, is to gas rodents with high doses of anesthetics used on humans, such as halothane or isoflurane, as it causes minimal distress to them.

Carbon Dioxide, Animal specialties, not elsewhere classified, Laboratory Animals, All Other Animal Production, Methods, Usage, Involuntary euthanasia

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Seawater subduction controls the heavy noble gas composition of the mantle

Article Abstract:

An attempt is made to analyze that the elemental composition of non-radiogenic heavy noble gases in the mantle is remarkably similar to that of sea water. It is suggested that the recycling process is not efficient at degassing mantle volatiles and that recycled material itself may preserve higher [3.sup.He]/[4.sup.He] ratios.

Noble Gases, Analysis, Ocean-atmosphere interaction, Gases, Rare, Mantle convection

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