The novel Cer-like protein Caronte mediates the establishment of embryonic left-right asymmetry

Article Abstract:

It has been established that Caronte (Car), a secreted protein encoded by a member of the Cerberus/Dan gene family, regulates the Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-dependent induction of left-specific genes in the lateral plate mesoderm. Car, which is expressed in the left paraxial chick mesoderm, is required and sufficient to transmit the Shh signal from the node to the left lateral plate mesoderm, prompting Nodal activation and formation of left-right-specific gene expression. Downregulation of Car expression on the right side of the embryo is vital for normal left-right development.

Genetic regulation

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In pursuit of antisense

Article Abstract:

The antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) used in drug therapies lack the ability to bind to RNAs that cause diseases. However, phosphorothioate ODNs are able to cause immune stimulation, cytokine release and non-antisense effects in cell cultures. RNase H produces the strongest antisense effects. Chimeric molecules are able to confer affinity, specificity and nuclease stability through the modification of phosphorothioate DNA and flanking sequences in the RNaseH. Heterocyclic modifications also improve RNA affinity and antisense activity in cell cultures.

Usage, Oligodeoxynucleotides, Antisense nucleic acids

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