What keeps sandcastles standing?

Article Abstract:

Interstitial liquid bridges between granular media produce adhesive forces which allow the grains to change, with only small quantities of wet liquid needed to drastically alter the properties of the grain. The interstitial liquids produce changes in segregation, self-organization and pattern formation, which could result in a physical phenomena which is not experienced in dry form. Research data is presented on the impact on insoluble spherical polystyrene beads of small amounts of vacuum-pump oil and corn oil.

Composition, Sand, Sands, Granular materials

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The large-scale organization of metabolic networks

Article Abstract:

Research is presented concerning the metabolic networks of 43 organisms and the similarities which exist in the topological scaling properties of each pathway. The systematic comparative mathematical analysis used is discussed.

Physiological aspects, Microorganisms, Metabolic regulation, Letter to the Editor, Cell research, Cytological research

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Lethality and centrality in protein networks

Article Abstract:

Research into yeast proteins and protein interaction networks is discussed. It is shown that the greater the number of interactions the protein has, the greater probability that the protein is indispensable.

Proteins, Yeast, Yeast (Food product), Protein research

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