Why do male birds not discriminate between their own and extra-pair offspring?
Article Abstract:
Socially monogamous male birds lack the capability to discriminate non-related offspring. Two empirical studies show that despite visible differences between nestlings, birds feed all offspring indiscriminately. Conflicts over signalling identity between male, female, and offspring can be responsible for the absence of kin discrimination. Further, birds may not be adaptive to discrimination in their favor due to lack of net benefits from discrimination. Although at times male behavior suggests offspring recognition, but most likely males fail to use rule of thumb classification.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1996
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Studying paternity and paternal care: pitfalls and problems
Article Abstract:
The relationship between paternity and parenteral behavior in animals cannot be determined based on the genetic analysis of the males' paternity and parenteral contributions to the care of the offspring. Research on natural populations of birds also indicated the negative effects of paternal care which reduces survival, breeding and mating opportunities. Furthermore, variations of specific conditions between males also affect paternity and the extent of paternal care.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1997
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Confounded correlations: a reply to Lifjeld et al. and Wagner et al
Article Abstract:
Experimental studies are the best methods in determining the relationship between paternity and paternal care in birds. Because of the presence of confounding variables, other types of studies find it difficult to form an association between the two variables when no causal relationship is established. Likewise, descriptive studies do not provide sufficient tests and scientific evidences concerning paternal behavior.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1998
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