COPs: an emerging financing technique
Article Abstract:
Certificates of Participation (COPs) are increasingly being used by public entities as tax-exempt financing tools for constructing public facilities. COPS were first used by local and state governments to fund such unpopular projects as correctional facitlies and power plants, but have gone on to be used to finance downtown projects, including transportation facilities and civic centers. The popularity of COPs may be attributed to their unique features. Unlike bonds, COPs are not governed by interest rate limitations, election requirements, competitive sale requirements and other such statutory requirements. Furthermore, these certificates dispense with the need for public entities and contractors to undergo government procurement processes while promoting negotiations for top-of-the-line construction materials, equipment and services for public projects.
Publication Name: Journal of Housing
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0272-7374
Year: 1992
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Why shouldn't a union man be a union man? The ILGWU and FOUR
Article Abstract:
Bureaucratization of the unions in the 1950s and 1960s made unions resistant to change which caused a division between the leadership and the workers. The relationship between the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) and the Federation of Union Representatives (FOUR), an internal union founded in 1959, shows the breakdown within unions. The members of ILGWU were mostly Jewish and Italian women but its leaders were white men. FOUR challenged the authority of ILGWU but ILGWU was unwilling to give its members bargaining rights. The conflict continued until FOUR was defeated in 1965 and contributed to the unions' loss of power.
Publication Name: Journal of American Studies
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0021-8758
Year: 1995
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Casual dress makes an office fashion statement
Article Abstract:
A survey conducted by Evans Research Associates has revealed that casual dress codes are gaining ground in corporate America. About 90% of 505 human resource managers surveyed reported that their companies allow employees to wear casual clothing to work. The respondents cited several benefits from dressing casually to work such as improvement of employee morale, perception of added employee benefit and money-saving. Almost half of the respondents also claimed that wearing casual clothing to work improves productivity.
Publication Name: Electric Perspectives
Subject: Petroleum, energy and mining industries
ISSN: 0364-474X
Year: 1996
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
- Abstracts: Spending less on efficiency. International energy needs investment. Toward one continent of energy
- Abstracts: Utility investment behavior and the emission trading market. Renewables from another angle
- Abstracts: The dynamic continent. Cyprus seen entering EU in early 2004
- Abstracts: Harnessing the Dead Sea basin's potential. Hooked on snuff
- Abstracts: In the mists of time. Eyes in the sky