The Spemann organizer signal noggin binds and inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4

Article Abstract:

The signals released by the amphibian gastrula's Spemann organizer were found to be capable of directly inducing neural tissue from ectoderm and dorsalizing ventral mesoderm to form muscle. The secreted polypeptide noggin duplicates these activities. It is expressed at the right time and place to participate in the organizer signal. Noggin protein was observed to bind bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) with high affinity. It can also abolish BMP4 activity by inhibiting binding to cognate cell-surface receptors. Results suggest that the organizer-secreted noggin interrupts BMP signaling to pattern the embryo.

Protein binding, Amphibians, Cytology, Polypeptides, Bone cells

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A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer

Article Abstract:

Functional screening of gene products in Xenopus embryos during gastrulation has identified a diverged member of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), Xenopus nodal-related 3 (Xnr3). Xnr3 is expressed in the epithelial part of the Spemann organizer before and during gastrulation. Injecting Xnr3 into the animal pole of Xenopus embryos causes the embryo to project tube-like extensions at the injection site. Xnr3 may be similar to the mouse nodal gene, which is also active during gastrulation.

Gene expression, Embryology, Experimental, Embryological research, Gastrulation

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Noggin-mediated antagonism of BMP signaling is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite

Article Abstract:

The mouse gene Noggin appears to play a role in patterning of the neural tube and somite. Noggin encodes an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Noggin does not appear to be required for neural induction, but plays an essential role in neural tube growth and development. Differentiation of the somite is also deficient in null mutants.

Genetic aspects, Mice, Mice (Rodents), Developmental genetics, Neural tube, Somite, Somites (Embryology)

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