Yeast retrotransposons: Finding a nice quiet neighborhood

Article Abstract:

Retrotransposons are genomic parasites found in most if not all eukaryotic chromosomes. They are linked permanently to their host's genome and its vertically derived progeny. Experiments have revealed how yeast transposons or Ty elements are able to avert insertion events and quite a number of these elements were found to be long terminal repeats. Three Ty elements in particular have been extensively investigated. Although different mechanisms are used by Ty elements in targeting genomic regions in the yeast, they are useful tools for researching silencing mechanisms.

Genetic aspects, Yeast, Yeast (Food product), Transposons, Insertion elements, DNA, DNA insertion elements

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High frequency retrotransposition in cultured mammalian cells

Article Abstract:

The high frequency autonomous retrotransposition of the human long interspersed nuclear elements (L1) L1.2 and LRE2in a cultured human cell line is demonstrated. The retrotransposed products resemble endogenous L1 insertions. Point mutations in conserved domains of L1.2-encoded proteins decreased retrotransposition by 100 to 1,000 times. L1.2 also retrotransposed in a mouse cell line, suggesting that L1-based vectors play a significant part in random insertional mutagenesis.

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Human L1 retrotransposon encodes a conserved endonuclease required for retrotransposition

Article Abstract:

An apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease homologous domain conserved among non-sequence-specific poly(A) elements has been identified. An L1 ENp has been expressed and purified and its endonuclease activity tested. Mutations in conserved putative active site residues remove its nicking activity in vitro and L1 retrotransposition in vivo. The specificity of L1 insertion may be regulated by manipulating L1 endonuclease cleavage specificity.

Enzymes

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