Chill factors: until now, no single refrigerant has scored full marks with specifiers for user and environment friendliness

Article Abstract:

Hoare Lea & Partners, services engineer, is developing a water based cooling system based on compression and expansion. An air-conditioning system along the same lines has already been built by Sabru of Denmark. Also, in the UK, Battle McCarthy is developing a groundwater-cooled system, although as yet, there are o mass-produced water-based systems. Following the 1987 Montreal Protocol, greener refrigerants such as ammonia, hydrocarbons and HFCs have entered the market. Ammonia is becoming increasingly popular in large scale working environments.

All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing, Chemical preparations, not elsewhere classified, Coolants, Product development, Equipment and supplies, Cooling, Refrigerants

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Specifiers review window costings

Article Abstract:

Some specifiers are now beginning to call for a reassessment of the way life-cycle costings are calculated for windows, pointing out that costings should take into account latest environmental and maintenance issues. PVCu windows have traditionally been the clear leader when life-cycle costs of windows have been assessed on the basis of combining the capital costs and running costs over a specific period. However, it is now becoming clear that these windows offer some disadvantages, such as being harder to repair than their wooden equivalents.

Analysis, Finance, Product life cycle, Plastic windows

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International costings

Article Abstract:

Comparisons between building costs in the UK and 10 other countries is affected by the strength of the UK currency. Tables covering all aspects of costings are presented for Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Quatar, Kenya, South Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Argentina, Hong Kong and the UK.

Construction industry, International aspects, Inflation (Finance), Inflation (Economics)

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