Employment tenure and earnings profiles in Japan and the United States: comment

Article Abstract:

The Japanese labor market has experienced both structural and demographic changes, including an increase in the proportion of paid employees in the work force and the aging of the labor force. Job tenure increased from an average of nine years to 13 years between 1971 and 1988. Gains from work experience have led to steeper earnings profiles in Japan than in the US. Earnings profiles have been flattened as a result of such factors as higher mandatory retirement ages.

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Employment tenure and earnings profiles in Japan and the United States: reply

Article Abstract:

A 1985 study indicated that Japan and the US had different levels of employment tenure and different earnings profiles. These findings were different than those from a 1992 study by Robert L. Clark and Naohiro Ogawa that used data from 1981 and 1986. Clark and Ogawa found that firm-specific tenure became less important during the 1980s, but this result would have been more credible if data from 1985 and 1988 were included.

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Social security financing: facts, fantasies, foibles, and follies

Article Abstract:

The significance of social security reforms in public policy because of its financial status is examined. The issues such as retirement programs and taxation are emphasized.

United States, Financial management, Management dynamics, Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs), Retirement Benefits, Social Security, Analysis, Management, Finance, Taxation, Company business management, Company financing, Social security reform

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