The internationalisation of R&D by multinationals: a trade-off between external and internal proximity

Article Abstract:

Multinational companies seeking to gain access to external scientific and technological capabilities must implement diverse relations of proximity to the sources of these innovative inputs. This process can be seen as a search for 'external proximity.' The internationalization of corporate research and development is thus a process of seeking for a trade-off between external proximity and internal corporate proximity. It seems that multinational companies develop international intra-firm networks to benefit from the 'locationally differentiated potential' of centres of excellence abroad.

Research, International aspects, Industrial research, Industrial locations, Industrial location

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Changes and trends in the world trade in high-technology products

Article Abstract:

Assessment of the nature of world trade in high-technology products from 1970 to 1990 indicates that Japan has achieved great gains in the global market, while the US and member nations of the European Union have declined in stature in both domestic and international markets. These factors in world trade are attributed to structural factors, macroeconomic and exchange rate fluctuations of individual nations.

Evaluation, Japan, High technology, International trade

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