A Conceptual Framework for Analysis of Primary Commodity markets

Article Abstract:

Developing countries are, in general, heavily dependent on external financing and the earnings of primary commodities exports. The major portion of the labor force of these countries is occupied with agriculture or mining. The primary sector's role in the colonial period was that of raw materials provider and manufactured goods consumer. The post-colonial role can be to provide increasing amounts of raw materials or help finance industrialization through exportation. The role of the primary sector in industrialization is often ignored. Having a realistic economic development theory which recognizes the importance of this contribution is important. One viable theory involves the concept of market power such as that of transnational corporations in commodity production. The elements of the corporations' bargaining strength are commodity-specfic, country- specific and international.

Developing countries

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Policies for biodiversity conservation: the case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Article Abstract:

The policy options for the protection of biodiversity are much more limited in Sub-Saharan Africa than in the more developed parts of the world. Poverty, insecurity of land tenure, indebtedness and harsh social conditions are among the constraints that make it difficult to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity. However, policy-makers must recall that biological diversity protection must be undertaken even in the difficult conditions prevailing in Sub-Saharan Africa since countries in the region could lose many ecological benefits that accrue from biological diversity protection.

Production management, Environmental aspects, Habitat (Ecology), Biological diversity, Biodiversity, Habitats, Environmental protection

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Introduction: markets in sub-Saharan Africa

Article Abstract:

The tremendous increase iu market activity as a result of urbanization and modernization has made sub-Saharan Africa more market-oriented than many developed countries. Market transactions continue to be the primary mode of allocation in the region. African market realities are also not unlike those in advanced countries, with indigenous institutions faced with similar problems but using original solutions. A market-enabling environment in the region can be achieved with a proper understanding of the institutions that support exchange.

Markets (Economics), Africa

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