Drugs of abuse: behavioral principles, methods and terms

Article Abstract:

A new understanding on drug addiction views it as a drug-seeking tendency and not merely in the context of drug withdrawal syndromes. In lever-pressing experiments done on rats, drugs were perceived in the roles of positive reinforcer, discriminative and aversive stimuli. Behavioural and neural mechanisms of reinforcement were evaluated and seen to be complementary. Other factors such as environment, attitudes, expectations and experiences were found to contribute to drug use. Laboratory studies have also shown that behavioral and pharmacological experiences affect response to drug addiction.

Psychological aspects, Behavioral assessment

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Use of in vivo apparent pA2 analysis in assessment of opioid abuse liability

Article Abstract:

Efforts have been made to separate the abuse potential and the analgesic effects of opioids. It is for this matter that abuse liability for opioids is being tested to augment research on the behavioral effects of these drugs. The dynamics of naloxone and other antagonists are presented along with analysis of physical and physiological dependence in animal studies. The discriminative stimulus provided by intake of opioid drugs is dependent on K receptor interactions and potency. The physiological effects of these drugs vary and are tied with pharmacodynamic receptor related mechanisms.

Evaluation, Physiological aspects, Opioids, Analgesia, Drug metabolism

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Peripheral versus central mechanisms in the behavioral effects of cytokines

Article Abstract:

Researchers continue to study the action of cytokines on the peripheral and central regions of the brain. Cytokines such as IL-1 and other pyrogens are pro-inflammatroy agents which are often causes of inflammation and pain at the sites of injection. Its effect is greatest at the brain, where it affects gut function and at the liver, where it induces the release of acute-phase proteins.

Cytokines, Pyrogens

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