Africa, 1990-1997: from 'abertura' to closure

Article Abstract:

The political opening or 'abertura' of Africa showed similar characteristics to other political discourse that occurred in other nations prior to and after the culmination of the Cold War. The upsurge of political violence is identified as one of the major factors which hinder constitutional democracy in Africa. State-sponsored violence has increasingly intensified in Nigeria since Sani Abacha took over the country's political reins. Likewise, Kenyan Pres Daniel arap Moi has resorted to political violence in an attempt to retain his position.

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Oldspeak vs. Newspeak

Article Abstract:

It is vital to avoid using misleading language when considering whether democracy has become firmly established in Ethiopia. Care must be taken to make an objective analysis and to not allow rhetoric to overshadow hard evidence. All contemporary African regimes now claim that they are democratic or that they are moving towards democracy, but they cannot be regarded as truly democratic unless they are based on open deliberation and the free exchange of ideas.

Nigeria

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Africa: states in crisis

Article Abstract:

Democratic and economic development would become sustainable in sub Saharan Africa only with the emergence of coherent, legitimate, and effective states. The continent's political geography cannot be overlooked, when rethinking democratic development in Africa.

Africa, Evaluation, Democratization, Geography, Political, Political geography

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