Main features of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, and implications for the trading system

Article Abstract:

The Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Clothing is designed to liberalize the trade in textiles and clothing by allowing market forces to guide consumption and production decisions. The Agreement replaces the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) and begins the integration of these trade items into the general manufactured goods market, expected to take 10 years. However, problems could result from countries delaying necessary market adaptations until the end of transition period and replacing MFA protections with other protections such as antidumping rules, disappointing consumers.

Laws, regulations and rules, International trade, Clothing industry, Textile industry

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The Uruguay Round's agreement on safeguards

Article Abstract:

Uruguay Round's reforms of safeguards moderately encourage their use compared to the previous situation and bring greater certainty and transparency to the process. The reforms establish a high injury standard, but they permit selective targeting of countries increasing exports disproportionately, and they deny the right to retaliate for the first three years of a safeguard. In addition, they phase out most existing voluntary restraint agreements, eliminating one popular alternative to formal safeguards.

United States, Analysis, Import quotas

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