Technology-transfer and public transportation functioning in less developed countries: an exploratory study

Article Abstract:

The role of technology transfer (TT) in the public transportation sector of developing countries has been studied. TT is important in urban transportation planning because most of the dominant professional perceptions used in Third World countries originated from industrialized nations. Rather than looking to developed countries for TT, developing countries can look to other developing countries for such expertise. This south-south TT will have a negative impact on the recipient country because conditions at the originating country are the same as in the former.

International aspects, Transportation industry, Developing countries, Technological innovations, Technology transfer

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Literati culture and integration in Dai Viet, c. 1430-c. 1840

Article Abstract:

Political integration in Dai Viet, now northern Vietnam, from about 1430 to 1840, followed the general pattern associated with the early modern period of Eurasian history, but was based on the adoption of a Chinese model, associated with the emergence of the literati class and the influence of Neo-Confucianism. The Dai Viet state thus exhibited more of a break with local pre-modern institutions than occurred in other Eurasian regions. Rapid economic growth led to a breakdown of the bureaucratic system in the 18th century, but it was re-established in the 1800s.

History, Political aspects, Vietnam, Intellectuals, Vietnamese history, Neo-Confucianism

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The ins and outs of intimacy: gender, epistolary culture, and the public sphere

Article Abstract:

Excessive male friendship cults found an early expression in the 18th century letter writing practice among men, a precursor to modern homosexual culture. This tight circle of intimacy can be viewed as a form of dissidence vis a vis the inflexible family gender roles imposed by society. More open-ended alternative intimacies unfold in the friendly correspondence of poets like Johann Ludwig Gleim who engaged in a large-scale letter exchange.

Criticism and interpretation, 18th century AD, Intimacy (Psychology), Intimacy, Pen pals, Gleim, Johann Ludwig

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