Urban heat island models may help states meet NOx air standards

Article Abstract:

Researchers at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are refining the model they have developed which will help cities comply with national ambient air quality standards for emission of nitrogen oxides. The model essentially simulates the formation of 'heat islands', portions of the urban area that exhibit high temperatures that lead to ground-level ozone buildup and can effect the formation of photochemical smog from nitrogen oxides. The model has been tested by the Environmental Protection Agency in three cities but was able to gather data only at a resolution of 10-meters. The model is being refined to collect data at 1-foot resolution to show the effect of individual houses on urban heat formation.

Air Pollution Control R&D, Research, Environmental aspects, Pollution, Metropolitan areas, Air pollution research, Pollution control research, Heat, Smog

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Heavy-metal sensors provide fast detection

Article Abstract:

The new heavy-metal sensors being developed at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM promise to provide a more accurate and faster detection of heavy metals. The sensors' distinct advantage over existing heavy-metal sensors is their extreme heavy-metal-sensing capability that allows the detection of heavy metals in solution even in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. One remarkable feature of the new sensors is their use of liposomes, which are microscopic, fluid-filled pouches formed when lipids are mixed with water solutions, that are made to react with metal ions in solution.

Process control instruments, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables, Process Chemical Sensors, Process control equipment, Sandia National Laboratories

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Microprobe remotely monitors marine waters

Article Abstract:

A microelectrode probe equipped with a cable has been developed to detect the chemical compositions of aquatic environments from distant locations. The probe was created at the University of Delaware by oceanography professor George W. Luther III. Luther modified an earlier model, used mercury-coated gold microelectrodes, and used the voltammetric process. The probe detects chemicals, dissolved hydrogen peroxide and iodide, and dissolved iron sulfide and colloids with ferric oxy-hydroxide.

Water Pollution Control R&D, Analysis, Water quality, Microelectrodes, Water pollution research, Probes (Electronic instruments), University of Delaware

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