The drivers of cooperation between buyers and suppliers for product innovation

Article Abstract:

Adoption of Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) approach, which are utilized during product development process to promote vertical cooperation between buyers and suppliers, proved to be beneficial not only among automotive firms but also among non-automotive assembly-based companies. Sample data obtained from assembly-based companies revealed that the adoption of ESI on such industry is significantly correlated to a higher supplier base initiative frequency, lower product integration, wider supplier scope and a greater number of parts sold. A category called 'Organizational Choices' was found to be highly significant in the implementation of ESI.

Motor vehicles and car bodies, Automobiles, Automobile Manufacturing, Professional & Commercial Equipment, Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Wholesalers, Business & Commercial Eqp Whsle, Management, Industrial research, Product development, Industrial suppliers

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Socialist academies of sciences: the enforced orientation of basic research at user needs

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to examine the effects of former socialist countries' characterization of science as a medium for socialist development on academy research. Results indicated that forcing research organizations to carry out applied work did not support the generation of scientific works and knowledge. Findings also showed that pressures of contract research correlated with increases in disintegration in socialist countries. Industry and academy heavily depended on each other in contractual relationships.

Scientific Research and Development Services, Science, Research & Development, Research, Science and state, Science policy, Socialism, National Academy of Sciences

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