Arithmetic in the cradle

Article Abstract:

New experiments found that babies five months old and younger can add and subtract at a simple level. Researcher Karen Wynn, who carried out the experiments, argued that her results show that comprehension of arithmetic is in-born rather than learned entirely after birth. The experiments involved observing the reactions of infants to varying numbers of objects. Though impressive, Wynn's hypothesis calls for further research on questions such as whether babies truly grasp that subtraction and addition are inverse operations.

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Addition and subtraction by human infants

Article Abstract:

Five-month-old babies can carry out elementary subtraction and addition involving small numbers of items. This ability shows that infants truly understand the idea of numbers and can do arithmetical operations at birth. Furthermore, the ability to quantify small numbers without having to count consciously, called subitization, consists of encoding of ordinal information rather than being a pattern-recognition process producing non-numerical percepts.

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Symbolic arithmetic knowledge without instruction

Article Abstract:

Experiments have shown that young children can build on their nonsymbolic number system to perform symbolic addition and subtraction. The results have helped in delimiting the sources of children's difficulties in learning symbolic arithmetic and have suggested ways to increase children's engagement with formal mathematics.

Youth, Methods, Analysis, Education, Teenagers, Mathematical logic, Mathematics, Mathematics education, Symbolic and mathematical logic

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