Retinoic acid signaling links left-right asymmetric patterning and bilaterally symmetric somitogenesis in the zebrafish embryo

Article Abstract:

A cascade of laterality information in the zebrafish embryo is characterized and it is showed that blocking early steps of this cascade results in random left-right asymmetric somitogenesis. A mechanism mediated by retinoic acid signaling is demonstrated that is crucial in buffering the influence of the flow of laterally information on the left-right progression of somite formation, and thus in ensuring bilaterally symmetric somitogenesis.

Genetic aspects, Zebra fish, Zebra fishes, Animal embryo

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Oscillations in the basal ganglia

Article Abstract:

Plenz and Kitai have shown that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and its association with the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), could be important in the generation of synchronized oscillatory discharge in the basal ganglia. They have also shown that oscillatory discharge can be induced by hyperpolarizing with GABA, in the STN neurons.

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Opposing basal ganglia processes shape midbrain visuomotor activity bilaterally

Article Abstract:

Research has been conducted on basal ganglia. The authors demonstrate that basal ganglia enhances and suppresses processes synergistically while modulating sensory activity on the superior colliculi.

United States, Physiological aspects, Visual perception, Basal ganglia, Mesencephalon, Motion perception (Vision), Motion perception

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