Taught to protest, learning to lose

Article Abstract:

The 2006 presidential election in Mexico resulted in an unexpected defeat for Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). The losers have refused to acknowledge the result and are continuing mass mobilization and protest that challenges democracy, and it is suggested that the protests of those mostly in the low-income and low-education groups can be controlled only by promotion of greater welfare and social justice in Mexico.

Executive changes & profiles, Mexico, Officials and employees, Political activity, Presidents, Political issue, Political protest, Lopez Obrador, Andres Manuel, Presidential elections, Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico)

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Venezuela: Crowding out the opposition

Article Abstract:

State resources may have interacted with rising authoritarianism to bring about the transition of democratic Venezuela to an authoritarian one. Thus, social spending may be bent not toward correcting but rather toward entrenching and even exacerbating the drawbacks of democratic institutions, when they are defective.

Venezuela, Decentralization in government, Government decentralization, Political planning

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Reforming civil-military relations

Article Abstract:

Countries which have witnessed transformation from authoritarianism to democracy since the 1980s lack smooth civil-military relations. 'Objective civilian control' requires meticulous military professionalism and realization of the limitations of military officers, and a minimum of military interference in politics.

Armed Forces, Speeches, lectures and essays, Transcript, Civil-military relations, Huntington, Samuel P.

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