The primacy of culture

Article Abstract:

Liberal democracy faces competition from other political systems, emerging especially in Asia, such as nationalism, Islam and a neo-Bolshevism. Democracy will be fought, not at the institutional level, but at the levels of civil society and culture. Though crucial for emerging democracies, these 'cultural wars' will have an impact on stable democracies as well.

Democracy

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The end of American exceptionalism

Article Abstract:

An evaluation is made of the climate in the United States in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. It is observed that shared tragedies such as this play an important role in shaping lasting national character and that the biggest change will be a psychological one.

Psychological aspects, United States, Evaluation, Americans, Terrorism, National characteristics

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Asia's soft-authoritarian alternative

Article Abstract:

Japan's paternalistic authoritarianism is seen as the Asian alternative to American liberal democracy. However, this group-oriented political system may cause conflict because it promotes exclusivity, which inevitably leads to rejection of outsiders.

Analysis, Japan, Asia, Authoritarianism

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