Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women using continuous combination hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate or with 17beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate

Article Abstract:

Women who take continuous combined conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate will have fewer episodes of bleeding than women who take 17beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate. This was the conclusion of a study of 208 women, which also found that women with a thick endometrium at the beginning of treatment were more likely to bleed.

Causes of, Uterine bleeding, Uterine hemorrhage

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A study of combined continuous ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate for postmenopausal hormone replacement

Article Abstract:

During menopause the female hormone estrogen, ordinarily produced by the ovaries, is no longer released. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is known to protect women from heart disease by altering the amount of lipids (fats) in the blood and slowing the progression of osteoporosis (a loss of density in bone tissue, which can cause fractures) and reducing hot flashes. The addition of progesterone to the hormone therapy regimen helps prevent endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus), a potential side effect when estrogen is given alone. Side effects of the combined cyclic therapy (estrogen days 1-25 and progestin days 16-25 of the month) are monthly bleeding and premenstrual symptoms. When progestins and estrogen are given continuously throughout the month, side effects of sequential (cyclic) therapy are reduced. The effect of continuous therapy on lipid metabolism and osteoporosis are not known. The symptoms, status of the endometrium, lipids and bone density were evaluated in 77 similarly matched postmenopausal women receiving one of five hormone replacement therapy regimens. Women receiving continuous combined hormone replacement therapy had less vaginal bleeding and spotting than women taking the nondaily therapy. Examination of bone density and endometrial tissue sampling revealed that continuous hormone replacement therapy offered the same beneficial effects, even at the lowest dosages. Endometrial polyps (tumor-like growths) were found in three women taking continuous therapy. The vaginal bleeding was minimal with continuous therapy. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Drug therapy, Menopause, Estrogen, Estrogens, Progesterone

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Reduced vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low-dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy

Article Abstract:

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing norethindrone acetate and low-dose ethinyl estradiol appears to be better than Prempro in preventing the vaginal bleeding that sometimes occurs during cyclic HRT. This was the conclusion of a study of 357 postmenopausal women. Many postmenopausal women often stop taking HRT because they do not want to experience monthly bleeding.

Norethindrone, Hormone replacement therapy

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