| Cell 1997 |
| Title | Subject | Authors |
|---|
| 14-3-3 proteins are essential for RAS/MAPK cascade signaling during pseudohyphal development in S. cerevisiae. | Biological sciences | Radclyffe L. Roberts, Hans-Ulrich Mosch, Gerald Fink |
| ACF, an ISWI-containing and ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor. (adenosine triphosphate-utilizing chromatin) | Biological sciences | Takashi Ito, James T. Kadonaga, Ryuji Kobayashi, Michael J. Pazin, Michael Bulger |
| Acidic sphingomyelinase mediates entry of N. gonorrhoeae into nonphagocytic cells. | Biological sciences | Florian Lang, Erich Gulbins, Heike Grassme, Birgit Brenner, Klaus Ferlinz, Konrad Sandhoff, Klaus Harzer |
| A complex of Cdc4p, Skp1p, and Cdc53p/Cullin catalyzes ubiquitination of the phosphorylated CDK inhibitor Sic1p. (cyclin-dependent kinase) | Biological sciences | Raymond J. Deshaies, Kenneth B. Kaplan, R.M. Renny Feldman, Craig C. Correll |
| Activation mechanism of the MAP kinase ERK2 by dual phosphorylation. | Biological sciences | Melanie H. Cobb, Elizabeth J. Goldsmith, Bertam J. Canagarajah, Andrei Khokhlatchev |
| Activation of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding by acetylation of the p53 C-terminal domain. | Biological sciences | Wei Gu, Robert G. Roeder |
| Activation of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase by the alpha6beta4 integrin promotes carcinoma invasion. | Biological sciences | Leslie M. Shaw, Alex Toker, Isaac Rabinovitz, Helen H.F. Wang, Arthur M. Mercurio |
| Activation of the ethylene gas response pathway in Arabidopsis by the nuclear protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and related proteins. | Biological sciences | Joseph R. Ecker, Roberto Solano, Madge Rothenberg, Gregg Roman, Qimin Chao, William Terzaghi |
| Activation of the I-kappa-B-alpha kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway. (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase-1) | Biological sciences | Zhijian J. Chen, Tom Maniatis, Frank S. Lee, Jeremiah Hagler |
| A CXCR4/CD4 pseudotype rhabdovirus that selectively infects HIV-1 envelope protein-expressing cells. | Biological sciences | Teshome Mebatsion, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Stefan Finke, Frank Weiland |
| A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. | Biological sciences | Urs Albrecht, Gregor Eichele, Zhong Sheng Sun, Cheng Chi Lee |
| A direct link between sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation revealed through the analysis of MCD1 in S. cerevisiae. | Biological sciences | Douglas Koshland, Vincent Guacci, Alexander Strunnikov |
| A distinct nuclear import pathway used by ribosomal proteins. | Biological sciences | Gunter Blobel, John D. Aitchison, Michael P. Rout |
| A gene essential for de novo methylation and development in Ascobolus reveals a novel type of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase structure. | Biological sciences | Jorn Walter, Fabienne Malagnac, Denise Zickler, Jean-Luc Rossignol, Birgit Wendel, Christophe Goyon, Godeleine Faugeron, Mario Noyer-Weidner, Peter Vollmayr, Thomas A. Trautner |
| A human endogenous retroviral superantigen as candidate autoimmune gene in type I diabetes. | Biological sciences | Bernard Mach, Jurg Boni, Jorg Schupbach, Bernard Conrad, Richard Nicolas Weissmahr, Rosanna Arcari |
| Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. (recombinant protein) | Biological sciences | Michael E. Greenberg, Sandeep Robert Datta, Haian Fu, Henryk Dudek, Xu Tao, Shane Masters, Yukiko Gotoh |
| A lipid-anchored Grb2-binding protein that links FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. (fibroblast growth factors; mitogen-activated protein kinase) | Biological sciences | J. Schlessinger, H. Kouhara, Y.R. Hadari, T. Spivak-Kroizman, J. Schilling, D. Bar-Sagi, I. Lax |
| A look at messenger RNP moving through the nuclear pore. (ribonucleoprotein) | Biological sciences | Bertil Daneholt |
| Alpha-mannosidase-II deficiency results in dyserythropoiesis and unveils an alternate pathway in oligosaccharide biosynthesis. | Biological sciences | Daniel Chui, Jamey D. Marth, Kurt W. Marek, Hudson H. Freeze, Masayoshi Oh-Eda, Yung-Feng Liao, Krishnasamy Panneerselvam, Anita Lal, Kalley W. Moremen, Michiko N. Fukuda |
| Altered Ca2+ responses in muscles with combined mitochondrial and cytosolic creatinine kinase deficiencies. | Biological sciences | Arend Heerschap, Dirk Pette, Be Wieringa, Arnold De Haan, Karen Steeghs, Ad Benders, Frank Oerlemans, Wim Ruitenbeek, Carolina Jost, Jan van Deursen, Benjamin Perryman, Marloes Bruckwilder, Jolande Koudijs, Paul Jap, Jacques Veerkamp |
| Alternative initiation of translation and time-specific phosphorylation yield multiple forms of the essential clock protein FREQUENCY. | Biological sciences | Jennifer J. Loros, Jay C. Dunlap, Yi Liu, Norman Y. Garceau |
| Alzheimer presenilins in the nuclear membrane, interphase kinetochores, and centrosomes suggest a role in chromosome segregation. | Biological sciences | Min Xu, Jinhe Li, Hui Zhou, Jiany Ma, Huntington Potter |
| A model for the microtubule-Ncd motor protein complex obtained by cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis. | Biological sciences | Ronald D. Vale, Robert J. Fletterick, Hernando Sosa, Ronald A. Milligan, Andreas Hoenger, Michael Whittaker, D. Prabha Dias, Elizabeth Wilson-Kubalek, Elena Sablin |
| A multigene family encoding a diverse array of putative pheromone receptors in mammals. | Biological sciences | Linda B. Buck, Hiroaki Matsunami |
| Ancient ciphers: translation in archaea. | Biological sciences | Patrick P. Dennis |
| Ancient missense mutations in a new member of the RoRet gene family are likely to cause familial Mediterranean fever. | Biological sciences | |
| An exported peptide functions intracellularly to contribute to cell density signaling in B. subtilis. | Biological sciences | Alan D. Grossman, Beth A. Lazazzera, Jonathan M. Solomon |
| Another bridge between kingdoms: tRNA splicing in archaea and eukaryotes. | Biological sciences | Marlene Belfort, Alan Weiner |
| ]A novel family of putative pheromone receptors in mammals with a topographically organized and sexually dimorphic distribution. | Biological sciences | Catherine Dulac, Gilles Herrada |
| A novel mutation avoidance mechanism dependent on S. cerevisiae RAD27 is distinct from DNA mismatch repair. | Biological sciences | Richard D. Kolodner, Daniel X. Tishkoff, Nicole Filosi, Gretchen M. Gaida |
| A novel Rab5 GDP/GTP exchange factor complexed to Rabaptin-5 links nucleotide exchange to effector recruitment and function. | Biological sciences | Keith Ashman, Matthias Wilm, Matthias Mann, Vladimir Rybin, Marino Zerial, Hisanori Horiuchi, Harald Stenmark, Mariantonietta Rubino, Roger Lippe, Heidi McBride, Philip Woodman |
| A novel suppressor of cell death in plants encoded by the lls1 gene of maize. | Biological sciences | John Gray, Pam S. Close, Steven P. Briggs, Gurmukh S. Johal |
| A novel zinc finger protein is encoded by the Arabidopsis LSD1 gene and functions as a negative regulator of plant cell death. | Biological sciences | Caroline Dean, Jeffrey L. Dangl, Robert A. Dietrich, Michael H. Richberg, Renate Schmidt |
| An RNA 5'-Triphosphatase to the protein tyrosine phosphatases. | Biological sciences | Stephen Buratowski, Toshimitsu Takagi, Christine R. Moore, Felix Diehn |
| Antagonistic interactions between FGF and BMP signaling pathways: a mechanism for positioning the sites of tooth formation. | Biological sciences | Rudi Balling, Gail R. Martin, Annette Neubuser, Heiko Peters |
| Antigenic variation in Lyme disease Borreliae by promiscuous recombination of vmp-like sequence cassettes. (variable major protein) | Biological sciences | Alan G. Barbour, Jing-Ren Zhang, John M. Hardham, Steven J. Norris |
| Antigen receptor signalling gives lymphocytes a long life. | Biological sciences | Michael S. Neuberger |
| Anti-neural-inhibition: a conserved mechanism for neural induction. | Biological sciences | Ethan Bier |
| Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3. | Biological sciences | William J. Henzel, Xuesong Liu, Hua Zou, Alexis Lutschg, Xiadong Wang |
| Apoptosis by death factor. | Biological sciences | Shigekazu Nagata |
| A primitive enzyme for a primitive cell: the protease required for excystation of giardia. | Biological sciences | Lilia Alvarado, Juan C. Engel, Christopher Franklin, James H. McKerrow, Neil D. Rawlings, Wendy Ward |
| A proteinaceous gene regulatory thermometer in Salmonella. | Biological sciences | Staffan J. Normark, Mikael Rhen, Reini Hurne, Kurt D. Berndt |
| A putative leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase involved in brassinosteroid signal transduction. | Biological sciences | Joanne Chory, Jianming Li |
| Archaea and the origin(s) of DNA replication proteins. | Biological sciences | W. Ford Doolittle, David R. Edgell |
| Archaeal genomics: an overview. | Biological sciences | Carl R. Woese, Gary J. Olsen |
| Archaeal histones, nucleosomes, and transcription initiation. | Biological sciences | John N. Reeve, Kathleen Sandman, Charles J. Daniels |
| Architectural transcription factors: proteins that remodel DNA.(Minireview) | Biological sciences | Stephen K. Burley, Milton H. Werner |
| A requirement for Flk1 in primitive and definitive hematopoieses and vasculogenesis. | Biological sciences | Janet Rossant, Alan Bernstein, Klaus-Dieter Fischer, Fouad Shalaby, Andre C. Schuh, Jacqueline Ho, Wiliam L. Stanford, Lois Schwartz |
| Armadillo coactivates transcription driven by the product of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dTCF. | Biological sciences | Mark Peifer, Hans Clevers, Amy Bejsovec, Tamara Jones, Marc Van de Wetering, Robert Cavallo, Dennis Dooijes, Moniek Van Beest, Johan Van Es, Joseph Loureiro, Arne Ypma, Deborah Hursh, Mark Mortin |
| A role for the roof plate and its resident TGFbeta-related proteins in neuronal patterning in the dorsal spinal cord. | Biological sciences | Thomas M. Jessell, Gabi Tremml, Karel F. Jr. Liem |
| Arrangement of tRNAs in pre- and posttranslocational ribosomes revealed by electron cryomicroscopy. | Biological sciences | Holger Stark, Elena V. Orlova, Florian Mueller, Jutta Rinke-Appel, Nicole Junke, Marina Rodnina, Wolfgang Wintermeyer, Richard Brimacombe, Marvin van Heel |
| A small, stable RNA induced by oxidative stress: role as a pleiotropic regulator and antimutator. | Biological sciences | Gisela Storz, Lisa Postow, Shoshy Altuvia, Dalit Weinstein-Fischer, Aixia Zhang |
| A small ubiquitin-related polypeptide involved in targeting RanGAP1 to nuclear pore complex protein RanBP2. | Biological sciences | Frauke Melchior, Larry Gerace, Rohit Mahajan, Christian Delphin, Tinglu Guan |
| Association of BRCA1 with Rad51 in mitotic and meiotic cells. | Biological sciences | David M. Livingston, Ralph Scully, Terry Ashley, Junjie Chen, Jean Feunteun, Annemieke Plug, Yonghong Xiao, David Weaver |
| Association of the origin recognition complex with heterochromatin and HP1 in higher eukaryotes. | Biological sciences | Piotr Romanowski, Michael R. Botchan, Daniel T.S. Pak, Michelle Pflumm, Igor Chesnokov, Da Wei Huang, Rebecca Kellum, Jacqueline Marr |
| Association of transcriptionally silent genes with Ikaros complexes at centromeric heterochromatin. | Biological sciences | Karen E. Brown, Amanda G. Fisher, Stephen T. Smale, Kyungmin Hahm, Simon S. Guest, Matthias Merikenschlager |
| A stable RAG1-RAG2-DNA complex that is active in V(D)J cleavage. | Biological sciences | Martin Gellert, Kevin Hiom |
| A super new twist on the initiation of meiotic recombination. | Biological sciences | James E. Haber |
| ATP-dependent positive supercoiling of DNA by 13S condensin: a biochemical implication for chromosome condensation. (adenosine triphosphatase) | Biological sciences | Tatsuya Hirano, Keiji Kimura |
| A tyrosine-based signal targets H/K-ATPase to a regulated compartment and is required for the cessation of gastric acid secretion. | Biological sciences | Michael Kashgarian, Michael J. Caplan, Nathalie Courtois-Coutry, Denise Roush, Vanathy Rajendran, J. Brian McCarthy, John Geibel |
| A versatile transcriptional effector of wingless signaling. | Biological sciences | Roel Nusse |
| Avian hairy gene expression identifies a molecular clock linked to vertebrate segmentation and somitogenesis. | Biological sciences | David Ish-Horowicz, Olivier Pourquie, Domingos Henrique, Isabel Palmeirim |
| Bacterial cell division: the cycle of the ring. | Biological sciences | Lawrence I. Rothfield, Sheryl S. Justice |
| Bacterial chromosome segregation: is there a mitotic apparatus? | Biological sciences | Lucy Shapiro, Robert T. Wheeler |
| Bcl-2 can rescue T lymphocyte dvelopment in interleukin-7 receptor-deficient mice but not in mutant rag-1(super -l-) mice. | Biological sciences | Andreas Strasser, Jacques J. Peschon, Lynn M. Corcoran, Eugene Maraskovsky, Lorraine A. O'Reilly, Mark Teepe |
| Bcl-2 rescues T lymphopoiesis in interleukin-7 receptor-deficient mice. | Biological sciences | Irving Weissman, Koichi Akashi, Motonari Kondo, Richard Murray, Ursula Freeden-Jeffry von |
| Bcl-XL regulates the membrane potential and volume homeostasis of mitochondria. | Biological sciences | Craig B. Thompson, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Navdeep S. Chandel, Edward K. Williamson, Paul T. Schumacker |
| Bidirectional transport by distinct populations of COPI-coated vesicles. | Biological sciences | Mylene Amherdt, Mariella Ravazzola, Alain Perrelet, Thomas H. Sollner, James E. Rothman, Lelio Orci, Mark Stamnes |
| Binding of secretory precursor polypeptides to a translocon subcomplex is regulated by BiP. | Biological sciences | Randy Schekman, Susan K. Lyman |
| Biogenesis of the gram-negative bacterial envelope. | Biological sciences | Jerry Eichler, Franck Duong, William Wickner, Albert Price, Marilyn Rice Leonard |
| Bipolar localization of the replication origin regions of chromosomes in vegetative and sporulating cells of B. subtilis. | Biological sciences | Richard Losick, Alan D. Grossman, Aaron Straight, Andrew Wright, Chris D. Webb, Aurelio Teleman, Scott Gordon, Andrew Belmont, Daniel Chi-Hong Lin |
| Bone morphogenesis and modeling: soluble signals sculpt osteosomes in the solid state. | Biological sciences | A.H. Reddi |
| Both lumenal and cytostolic gating of the aqueous ER transcolon pore are regulated from inside the ribosome during membrane protein integration. (endoplasmic reticulum) | Biological sciences | Shuren Liao, Arthur E. Johnson, Hung Do, Jialing Lin |
| BRI-ghtening the pathway to steroid hormone signaling events in plants. | Biological sciences | Joseph R. Ecker |
| Ca2+ flow via tunnels in polarized cells: recharging of apical Ca2+ stores by focal Ca2+ entry through basal membrane patch. | Biological sciences | Alexei V. Tepikin, Ole H. Petersen, Hideo Mogami, Kyoko Nakano |
| Calcium-induced restructuring of nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. | Biological sciences | Tobias Meyer, Kala Subramanian |
| Calmodulin regulation of drosophila light-activated channels and receptor function mediates termination of the light response in vivo. | Biological sciences | Charles S. Zuker, Kristin Scott, Yumei Sun, Kathy Beckingham |
| Calreticulin. | Biological sciences | Karl-Heinz Krause, Marek Michalak |
| cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf- and Rap1-dependent pathway. | Biological sciences | Ming-Gui Pan, Mark R. Vossler, Hong Yao, Randall D. York, Caroline S. Rim, Philip J.S. Stork |
| Can DNA topoisomerases be ribonucleases? | Biological sciences | Alex B. Burgin |
| Carboxypeptidase E is a regulated secretory pathway sorting receptor: genetic obliteration leads to endocrine disorders in Cpefat mice. | Biological sciences | Y. Peng Loh, Ying Zhang, David R. Cool, Emmanuel Normant, Fu-sheng Shen, Hao-Chia Chen, Lewis Pannell |
| Caspases: intracellular signaling by proteolysis. | Biological sciences | Guy S. Salvesen, Vishva Dixit |
| Catching a Gli-mpse of Hedgehog. (proteins) | Biological sciences | Ariel Ruiz i Altaba |
| Cbfa1, a candidate gene for cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone development. | Biological sciences | Bjorn R. Olsen, Michael J. Owen, Rosa S.P. Beddington, Gordon W.H. Stamp, Stefan Mundlos, Tessa Crompton, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Florian Otto, Anders P. Thornell, Angela Denzel, Ian R. Rosewell, Paul B. Selby |
| CDC5 and CKII control adaptation to the yeast DNA damage checkpoint. | Biological sciences | David P. Toczyski, Leland H. Hartwell, David J. Galgoczy |
| CDK-independent activation of estrogen receptor by cyclin D1. | Biological sciences | Rene Bernards, Renate M.L. Zwijsen, Ellen Wientjens, Rob Klompmaker, Jeroen van der Sman, Rob J.A.M. Michalides |
| CED-4 - the third horseman of Apoptosis. | Biological sciences | David L. Vaux |
| Cell cycle-dependent polar localization of chromosome partitioning proteins in Caulobacter crescentus. | Biological sciences | James W. Gober, Dane A. Mohl |
| Cell death mediators in autoimmune diabetes -no shortage of suspects. | Biological sciences | Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis |
| Cell type-specific phosphorylation and proteolysis of a transcriptional regulator controls the G1-to-S transition in a bacterial cell cycle. | Biological sciences | Lucy Shapiro, Kim C. Quon, Ibrahim J. Domian |
| Cellular construction of a circadian clock: period determination in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. | Biological sciences | Steven M. Reppert, Steven H. Strogatz, Chen Liu, David R. Weaver |
| CENP-E is a plus end-directed kinetochore motor required for metaphase chromosome alignment. | Biological sciences | Lawrence S.B. Goldstein, Don W. Cleveland, Kenneth W. Wood, Roman Sakowicz |
| Chaperonin-mediated folding in the eukaryotic cytosol proceeds through rounds of release of native and nonnative forms. | Biological sciences | George W. Farr, Arthur Horwich, Elizabeth C. Scharl, Robert J. Schumacher, Stacey Sondek |
| Characterization of the yeast transcriptome. | Biological sciences | Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Lin Zhang, Victor E. Velculescu, Phil Hieter, Wei Zhou, Douglas E. Bassett Jr., Jacob Vogelstein, Munira Basrai |
| Checkpoint pathways come of age. | Biological sciences | Paul M. Nurse |
| Chromosome and low copy plasmid segregation in E. coli: Visual evidence for distinct mechanisms. | Biological sciences | Richard Losick, Andrew W. Murray, Aaron Straight, Andrew Wright, Chris D. Webb, Aurelio Teleman, G. Scott Gordon, Dmitry Sitnikov |
| Classification of introns: U2-type or U12-type. | Biological sciences | Phillip A. Sharp, Christopher B. Burge |
| Cleavage of chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity. | Biological sciences | Eddy M. De Robertis, Stefano Piccolo, Bin Lu, Eric Argius, Shelley Goodman, Leslie Dale |
| Cloning and crystal structure of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. | Biological sciences | Hideo Ago, Yoshihide Kanaoka, Masashi Miyano, Eiji Inagaki, Toyomichi Nanayama, Reiko Kikuno, Yutaka Fujii, Naomi Eguchi, Hirouki Toh, Yoshihiro Urade, Osamu Hayaishi |
| Close similarity between Drosophila neurexin IV and mammalian Caspr protein suggests a conserved mechanism for cellular interactions.(Letter to the Editor) | Biological sciences | Joseph Schlessinger, Elior Peles, Keith Joho, Gregory D. Plowman |
| Coassembly of TRP and TRPL produces a distinct store-operated conductance. | Biological sciences | William B. Guggino, Craig Montell, Xian-Zhong Shawn Xu, Hong Sheng Li |
| Cocrystal structure of the messenger RNA 5' cap-binding protein (elF4E) bound to 7-methyl-GDP. | Biological sciences | Stephen K. Burley, Nahum Sonenberg, Anne-Claude Gingras, Joseph Marcotrigiano |
| Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids. | Biological sciences | Kim Nasmyth, Christine Michaelis, Rafal Ciosk |
| Compartmentalization of eukaryotic gene expression: Causes and effects. | Biological sciences | Michael R. Green, Robert H. Singer |
| Complex polymorphisms in an 330 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. | Biological sciences | Thomas E. Wellems, Hisashi Fujioka, Xin-zhuan Su, laura A. Kirkman |
| Components and dynamics of DNA replication complexes in S. cerevisiae: redistribution of MCM proteins and Cdc45p during S phase. | Biological sciences | Stephen P. Bell, Oscar M. Aparicio, Deborah M. Weinstein |
| Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila barren protein. | Biological sciences | Michiko Hirano, Tatsuya Hirano, Ryuji Kobayashi |
| Condensins, cohesins, and chromosome architecture: how to make and break a mitotic chromosome. | Biological sciences | Margarete M.S. Heck |
| Cone-rod dystrophy due to mutations in a novel photoreceptor-specific homeobox gene (CRX) essential for maintenance of the photoreceptor. | Biological sciences | Roderick R. McInnes, Stephen W. Scherer, Takahisa Furukawa, Constance L. Cepko, Lap-Chee Tsui, David Ng, Samuel G. Jacobson, Shomi S. Bhattacharya, Carol L. Freund, Cheryl Y. Gregory-Evans, Myrto Papaioannou, Jens Looser, Lynda Ploder, James Bellingham, Jo-Anne S. Herbrick, Alessandra Duncan, Aphrodite Loutradis-Anagnostou |
| Conformation-independent binding of monoglucosylated ribonuclease B to calnexin. | Biological sciences | Raymond A. Dwek, Stefana M. Petrescu, David Y. Thomas, John J.M. Bergeron, Andre Zapun, Pauline M. Rudd |
| Connecting cell behavior to patterning: lessons from the cell cycle. | Biological sciences | Patrick H. O'Farrell, Peter J. Follette |
| Construction of a novel virus that targets HIV-1-infected cells and controls HIV-1 infection. | Biological sciences | Linda Buonocore, John K. Rose, Matthias J. Schnell, J. Erik Johnson |
| Cooking with calcium: The recipes for composing global signals from elementary events. | Biological sciences | Michael J. Berridge, Martin D. Bootman, Peter Lipp |
| Cooperation of BMP7 and SHH in the induction of forebrain ventral midline cells by prechordal mesoderm. | Biological sciences | Christine Vesque, Jane Dodd, J. Kim Dale, Thierry J. Lints, T. Kuber Sampath, Andrew Furley, Marysia Placzek |
| Coordinate binding of ATP and origin DNA regulates the ATPase activity of the origin recognition complex. | Biological sciences | Stephen P. Bell, Richard J. Austin, Richard d. Klemm |
| Core structure of gp41 from the HIV envelope glycoprotein. | Biological sciences | James M. Berger, Peter S. Kim, Deborah Fass, David C. Chan |
| Costal2, a novel kinesin-related protein in the hedgehog signaling pathway. | Biological sciences | Matthew P. Scott, Kaye Suyama, John C. Sisson, Karen S. Ho |
| Cosuppression comes to the animals. | Biological sciences | Paul M. Bingham |
| Cosuppression in Drosophila: gene splicing of Alcohol dehydrogenase by white-Adh transgenes is Polycomb dependent. | Biological sciences | James A. Birchler, Manika Pal-Bhadra, Utpal Bhadra |
| CRM1 is an export receptor for leucine-rich nuclear export signals. | Biological sciences | Iain W. Mattaj, Mutsuhito Ohno, Minoru Yoshida, Maarten Fornerod |
| Cross-intron bridging interactions in the yeast commitment complex are conserved in mammals. | Biological sciences | Michael Rosbash, Nadia Abovich |
| Crx, a novel otx-like homeobox gene, shows photoreceptor-specific expression and regulates photoreceptor differentiation. | Biological sciences | Takahisa Furukawa, Constance L. Cepko, Eric M. Morrow |
| Crystallographic analysis of anti-p24 (HIV-1) monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity and polyspecifity. | Biological sciences | Wolfgang Hohne, Achim Kramer, Jens Schneider-Mergener, Thomas Keitel, Helga Wessner, Christa Scholz |
| Crystal structure at 1.7 A resolution of VEGF in complex with domain 2 of the Flt-1 receptor. | Biological sciences | Charles Eigenbrot, Christian Weismann, Fuh, Germaine, Christinger, Hans W., James Wells A., Abraham M. de Vos |
| Crystal structure of a hedgehog autoprocessing domain: homology between hedgehog and self-splicing proteins. | Biological sciences | Philip A. Beachy, Eugene V. Koonin, Daniel J. Leahy, Jeffery A. Porter, Keith E. Young, Traci M. Tanaka Hall |
| Crystal structure of an Hsp90-geldanamycin complex: targeting of a protein chaperone by an antitumor agent. | Biological sciences | F. Ulrich Hartl, Neal Rosen, Charles E. Stebbins, Alicia A. Russo, Christine Schneider, Nilola P. Pavletich |
| Crystal structure of a pol alpha family replication DNA polymerase from bacteriophage RB69. | Biological sciences | J. Wang, C.C. Wang, A.K.M.A. Sattar, J.D. Karam, W.H. Konigsberg, T.A. Steitz |
| Crystal structure of Pl-Scel, a homing endonuclease with protein splicing activity. | Biological sciences | Xiaoqun Duan, Florante A. Quiocho, Frederick S. Gimble |
| Crystal structure of the delta subunit of the clamp-loader complex of E. colin DNA polymerase III. | Biological sciences | Andrej Sali, Mike O'Donnell, John Kuriyan, Brian Guenther, Rene Onrust |
| Cyclin/Cdk-dependent initiation of DNA replication in a human cell-free system. | Biological sciences | Ronald A. Laskey, Torsten Krude, Mark Jackman, Jonathan Pines |
| Cytochrom c: Can't live with it-can't live without it. | Biological sciences | John C. Reed |
| Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase 9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. | Biological sciences | Xiaodong Wang, Srinivasa M. Srinivasula, Emad S. Alnemri, Deepak Nijhawan, Peng Li, Imawati Rudihardjo, Manzoor Ahmad |
| Cytosolic intermediates for cell wall biosynthesis and degradation control inducible beta-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria. | Biological sciences | Staffan Normark, Christine Jacobs, Jean-Marie Frere |
| Dachshund and eyes absent proteins form a complex and function synergistically to induce ectopic eye development in Drosophila. | Biological sciences | Graeme Mardon, Rui Chen, Mehran Amoui, Zhihuan Zhang |
| Daxx, a novel fas-binding protein that activates JNK and apoptosis. | Biological sciences | David Baltimore, Howard Y. Chang, Xiaolu Yang, Roya Khosravi-Far |
| Deadly conformations: protein misfolding in prion disease. | Biological sciences | Jonathan S. Weissman, Arthur L. Horwich |
| Defective transcription-coupled repair in cockayne syndrome b mice is associated with skin cancer predisposition. | Biological sciences | Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers, Harry van Steeg, Jan de Wit, Rudolph B. Beems, Rob J.W. Berg, Dirk Bootsma, Alain J. Gool van, Frank R. Gruijl de, Gijsbertus T.J. Horst van der, Coen F. Kreijl van, Hans Morreau, Geert Weeda |
| Deletion of SHIP or SHP-1 reveals two distinct pathways for inhibitory signaling. | Biological sciences | Jeffrey V. Ravetch, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Masao Ono, Silvia Bolland, Hidetaka Okada, Shigeru Yanagi |
| Developmentally regulated mitochondrial fusion mediated by a conserved, novel, predicted GTPase. (guanosine triphosphatase) | Biological sciences | Margaret T. Fuller, Karen G. Hales |
| Development of a novel polygenic model of NIDDM in mice heterozygous for IR and IRS-1 null alleles. | Biological sciences | Simeon I. Taylor, Susan Bonner-Weir, C. Ronald Kahn, Domenico Accili, Jens C. Bruning, Jonathon Winnay |
| DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. | Biological sciences | Xiaodong Wang, Clive Slaughter, Xuesong Liu, Hua Zou |
| Direct binding and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases by collagen. | Biological sciences | Joseph Schlessinger |
| Direct binding of FtsZ to ZipA, an essential component of the septal ring structure that mediates cell division in E. coli. | Biological sciences | Piet A.J. de Boer, Cynthia A. Hale |
| Disruption of alpha 3 connexin gene leads to proteolysis and cataractogenesis in mice. | Biological sciences | En Li, Norton B. Gilula, Ying Wu, Nalin M. Kumar, Xiaohua Gong, George Klier, Qingling Huang, Hong Lei, Joseph Horwitz |
| Disruption of mouse RAD54 reduces ionizing radiation resistance and homologous recombination. | Biological sciences | Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers, Jeroen Essers, Roland Kanaar, Dirk Bootsma, Rudolf W. Hendriks, Sigrid M.A. Swagemakers, Christine Troelstra, Jan de Wit |
| DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2. | Biological sciences | Sheau-Yann Shieh, Yoichi Taya, Carol Prives, Masako Ikeda |
| Does COPI go both ways? | Biological sciences | Ira Mellman, Randy Schekman |
| Drosophila ecdysone receptor mutations reveal functional differences among receptor isoforms. | Biological sciences | William S. Talbot, David S. Hogness, Barry Ganetzky, Michael Bender, Farhad B. Imam |
| Drosophila fizzy-related down-regulates mitotic cyclins and is required for cell proliferation arrest and entry into endocycles. | Biological sciences | Stephan J. Sigrist, Christian F. Lehner |
| Dynamic changes of BRCA1 subnuclear location and phosphorylation state are initiated by DNA damage. | Biological sciences | David M. Livingston, Ralph Scully, Junjie Chen, Jean Feunteun, Robert L. Ochs, Kathleen Keegan, Merl Hoekstra |
| ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. (cell-extracellular matrix) | Biological sciences | Zena Werb |
| Ectopically expressed CAG repeats cause intranuclear inclusions and a progressive late onset neurological phenotype in the mouse. | Biological sciences | Roger L. Albin, Claire-Anne Gutekunst, Jared M. Ordway, Sara Tallaksen-Greene, Eve M. Bernstein, Jamie A. Cearley, Howard W. Wiener, Leon S. Dure IV, Russell Lindsey, Steven M. Hersch, Richard S. Jope, Peter J. Detloff |
| Ectopic Pax-3 activates MyoD and Myf-5 expression in embryonic mesoderm and neural tissue. | Biological sciences | Andrew B. Lassar, Martyn Goulding, Andrea E. Munsterberg, Miguel Maroto, Ram Reshef, Susan Koester |
| Eliminating all obstacles: regulated proteolysis in the eukaryotic cell cycle. | Biological sciences | M. Andrew Hoyt |
| Embryonic patterning: to BMP or not to BMP, that is the question. | Biological sciences | Jonathan M. Graff |
| Empty site forms of the SRP54 and SRalpha GTPases mediate targeting of ribosome-nascent chain complexes to the endoplasmic reticulum. (signal recognition factor; sarcoplasmic reticulum; guanosine triphosphatase) | Biological sciences | Reid Gilmore, Peter J. Rapiejko |
| Encapsidated conformation of bacteriophage T7 DNA.(Cover Story) | Biological sciences | Naiqian Cheng, Alasdair C. Steven, Mario E. Cerritelli, Alan H. Rosenberg, Catherine E. McPherson, Frank P. Booy |
| Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. | Biological sciences | William S. Lane, Evelyn Flynn, Bjorn R. Olsen, Naomi Fukai, M. Judah Folkman, Thomas Boehm, Michael S. O'Reilly, Yuen Shing, George Vasios, James R. Birkhead |
| Enforced expression of Bcl-2 in monocytes rescues macrophages and partially reverses osteopetrosis in op/op mice. | Biological sciences | Irving Weissman, Eric Lagasse |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) transfers its receptor for intimate adherence into mammalian cells. | Biological sciences | Elizabeth A. Frey, B. Brett Finlay, Rebekah DeVinney, Brendan Kenny, Markus Stein, Dieter J. Reinscheid |
| ER quality control: the cytoplasmic connection. (endoplasmic reticulum) | Biological sciences | Ron R. Kopito |
| Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides. | Biological sciences | Roger D. Cone, Malcolm J. Low, Michele A. Kelly, Wenbiao Chen, Ximena Opitz-Araya, Ruth E. Thomas |
| Exportin 1 (Crm1p) is an essential nuclear export factor. | Biological sciences | Christine Guthrie, Karsten Weis, Katrin Stade, Charleen S. Ford |
| Export of importin alpha from the nucleus is mediated by a specific nuclear transport factor. | Biological sciences | Susanne Kostka, Dirk Gorlich, Regine Kraft, Ulirke Kutay, F. Ralf Bischoff |
| Expression of fragile sites triggers intrachromosomal mammalian gene amplification and sets boundaries to early amplicons. | Biological sciences | Michelle Debatisse, Arnaud Coquelle, Eva Pipiras, Franck Toledo, Gerard Buttin |
| Extracellular matrix rigidity causes strengthening of integrin-cytoskeleton linkages. | Biological sciences | Michael P. Sheetz, Daniel Choquet, Dan P. Felsenfeld |
| Extrachromosomal rDNA circles- A cause of aging in yeast. | Biological sciences | Leonard Guarente, David A. Sinclair |
| Eye development: Governed by a dictator or a junta? | Biological sciences | Claude Desplan |
| Facts and artifacts of ancient DNA. (neandertals) | Biological sciences | Tomas Lindahl |
| F-box proteins are receptors that recruit phosphorylated substrates to the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex. | Biological sciences | Stephen J. Elledge, J. Wade Harper, Mike Tyers, Dorota Skowyra, Karen L. Craig |
| FCA, a gene controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis, encodes a protein containing RNA-binding domains. | Biological sciences | Caroline Dean, Clare Lister, Richard Macknight, Ian Bancroft, Tania Page, Renate Shmidt, Karina Love, Lore Westphal, George Murphy, Sarah Sherson, Christopher Cobbett |
| FOG, a multitype zinc finger protein, acts as a cofactor for transcription factor GATA-1 in erythroid and megakaryotic differentiation. (Friend of GATA-1) | Biological sciences | Stuart H. Orkin, Yuko Fujiwara, Merlin Crossley, Mitchell J. Weiss, Jane E. Visvader, Alice P. Tsang, C. Alexander Turner, Channing Yu |
| Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions underlies the neurological dysfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation. | Biological sciences | Stephen W. Davies, Christopher A. Ross, Gillian P. Bates, Erich E. Wanker, Alan H. Sharp, Laura Mangiarini, Mark Turmaine, Barbara A. Cozens, Marian DiFiglia, Eberhard Scherzinger |
| Forward genetic approach strikes gold: cloning of a mammalian Clock gene. | Biological sciences | Steven M. Reppert, David R. Weaver |
| Frpo: a novel single-stranded DNA promoter for transcription and for primer RNA synthesis of DNA replication. | Biological sciences | Ken-ichi Arai, Hisao Masai |
| Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling expressed in the Spemann organizer. | Biological sciences | Eddy M. De Robertis, Stefano Piccolo, Tewis Bouwmeester, Sung-Hyun Kim, Luc Leyns |
| Frzb, a secreted protein expressed in the Spemann organizer, binds and inhibits Wnt-8. | Biological sciences | Shouwen Wang, Marie Krinks, Keming Lin, Frank P. Luyten, Malcolm Moos Jr. |
| Functional identification of the mouse circadian Clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue. (bacterial artificial chromosome) | Biological sciences | Lisa D. Wilsbacher, Joseph S. Takahashi, Marina P. Antoch, David P. King, Yaliang Zhao, Ashvin M. Sangoram, Martha Hotz Vitaterna, Eun-Joo Song, Anne-Marie Chang, Lawrence H. Pinto |
| Genes expressed in neurons of adult male Drosophila. | Biological sciences | Richard Axel, Hubert Amrein |
| Genetic control of cell division patterns in developing plants. | Biological sciences | Elliot M. Meyerowitz |
| Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. (protein kinase A; long-term potentiation) | Biological sciences | Eric R. Kandel, Ted Abel, Roussoudan Bourtchouladze, Peter V. Nguyen, Mark Barad, Thomas A.S. Deuel |
| GRASP65, a protein involved in the stacking of Golgi cisternae. (Golgi ReAssembly Stacking Protein) | Biological sciences | Graham Warren, Joel Vandekerckhove, Francis A. Barr, Magda Puype |
| Gut reaction to Wnt signaling in worms. | Biological sciences | Min Han |
| Harnessing viral devices as pharmaceuticals: Fighting HIV-1's fire with fire. | Biological sciences | Garry P. Nolan |
| Hedgehog elicits signal transduction by means of a large complex containing the kinesin-related protein costal2. | Biological sciences | David J. Robbins, J. Michael Bishop, Ryuji Kobayashi, Kent E. Nybakken, John C. Sisson, Pascal P. Therond |
| hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. | Biological sciences | Robert A. Weinberg, Daniel A. Haber, Elinor Ng Eaton, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Leif W. Ellisen, Matthew Meyerson, Christopher M. Counter, Qingyun Liu, Philipp Steiner, Stephanie Dickinson Cadle, Liuda Ziaugra, Michael J. Davidoff, Silvia Bacchetti |
| Histone deacetylase activity is required for full transcriptional repression by mSin3A. | Biological sciences | Donald E. Ayer, Stuart L. Schreiber, Christian A. Hassig, Andrew N. Billin, Tracey C. Fleischer |
| Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex. | Biological sciences | Danny Reinberg, Yi Zhang, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Paul Tempst, Rabah Iratni |
| Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression. | Biological sciences | Robert N. Eisenman, Carol D. Laherty, Edward Seto, Wen-Ming Yang, James R. Davie, Jian-Min Sun |
| HIV-1 cDNA integration: requirement of HMG I(Y) protein for function of preintegration complexes in vitro. | Biological sciences | Frederic D. Bushman, Chris M. Farnet |
| Holliday junctions accumulate in replication mutants via a RecA homolog-independent mechanism. | Biological sciences | Rodney Rothstein, Hui Zou |
| How do viruses enter cells? The HIV coreceptors teach us a lesson of complexity. | Biological sciences | Dimiter S. Dimitrov |
| Human beta-defensin-1 is a salt-sensitive antibiotic in lung that is inactivated in cystic fibrosis. | Biological sciences | James M. Wilson, Michael Zasloff, Mitchell J. Goldman, G. Mark Anderson, Ethan D. Stolzenberg, U. Prasad Kari |
| Human chromosomal fragile site FRA16B is an amplified AT-rich minisatellite repeat. | Biological sciences | Grant R. Sutherland, Sui Yu, Robert I. Richards, Duncan Hewett, Denis Le Paslier, Elizabeth Baker, Marie Mangelsdorf, Lynne Hobson, Helen J. Eyre, Naras Lapsys, Norman A. Doggett |
| Huntingtin-encoded polyglutamine expansions form amyloid-like protein aggregates in vitro and in vivo. | Biological sciences | Stephen W. Davies, Gillian P. Bates, Hans Lehrach, Erich E. Wanker, Laura Mangiarini, Mark Turmaine, Eberhard Scherzinger, Rudi Lurz, Birgit Hollenbach, Renate Hasenbank |
| Identification and characterization of an IkB kinase. | Biological sciences | Mike Rothe, David V. Goeddel, Zhaodan Cao, Catherine H. Regnier, Ho Yeong Song, Xiong Gao |
| Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates leukocyte migration and adhesion. | Biological sciences | Thomas J. Schall, Shin Takagi, Toshio Imai, Kunio Hieshima, Christopher Haskell, Masataka Baba, Morio Nagira, Miyuki Nishimura, Mayumi Kakizaki, Hisayuki Nomiyam, Osamu Yoshie |
| Identification and structural characterization of the ATP/ADP-binding site in the Hsp90 molecular chaperone. (adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate) | Biological sciences | S. Mark Roe, Laurence H. Pearl, John E. Ladbury, Chrisostomos Prodromou, Peter W. Piper, Ronan O'Brien |
| Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow. | Biological sciences | Irving Weissman, Koichi Akashi, Motonari Kondo |
| Identification of the Abl- and rasGAP-associated 62 kDa protein as a docking protein, Dok. | Biological sciences | Yuji Yamanashi, David Baltimore |
| Impaired maternal behaviour in mice lacking norepinephrine and epinephrine. | Biological sciences | Richard D. Palmiter, Steven A. Thomas |
| Inductive tissue interactions, cell signalling, and the control of kidney organogenesis. | Biological sciences | Ulrich Muller, Seppo Vainion |
| Innate immunity: The virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. | Biological sciences | Rusian Medzhitov, Charles A. Jr. Janeway |
| In response to Freed et al. (response to Eric O. Freed in this issue, p. 171) | Biological sciences | Didier Trono, Philippe Gallay |
| Inscuteable and staufen mediate asymmetric localization and segregation of prospero RNA during drosophila neuroblast cell divisions. | Biological sciences | Yu Cai, Xiaohang Yang, William Chia, Peng Li, Martin Wasser |
| Insights into multistep phosphorelay from the crystal structure of the C-terminal HPt domain of ArcB. (histidine-containing phosphotransfer) | Biological sciences | Masato Kato, Takeshi Mizuno, Toshiyuki Shimizu, Toshio Hakoshima |
| Integrin alpha8beta1 is critically important for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during kidney morphogenesis. | Biological sciences | Roger A. Pedersen, Ulrich Muller, Louis F. Reichardt, Juanito J. Meneses, Denan Wang, Sumiko Denda |
| Intercellular trafficking and protein delivery by a herpesvirus structural protein. | Biological sciences | Peter O'Hare, Gillian Elliott |
| Interhomolog bias during meiotic recombination: meiotic functions promote a highly differentiated interhomolog-only pathway. | Biological sciences | Nancy Kleckner, Anthony Schwacha |
| Intracellular cleavage of Notch leads to a heterodimeric receptor on the plasma membrane. | Biological sciences | Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas, Christine M. Blaumueller, Huilin Qi, Panayiotis Zagouras |
| In vitro reconstitution of the late steps of genetic recombination in E. coli. (Escherichia coli) | Biological sciences | Stephen C. West, Angela K. Eggleston, Alison H. Mitchell |
| In vivo ablation of surface immunoglobulin on mature B cells by inducible gene targeting results in rapid cell death. | Biological sciences | Klaus Rajewsky, Kong-Peng Lam, Ralf Kuhn |
| In vivo observation of polypeptide flux through the bacterial chaperonin system. | Biological sciences | F. Ulrich Hartl, Walid A. Houry, Karla L. Ewalt, Joseph P. Hendrick |
| It's prime time for reverse transcriptase. | Biological sciences | Henry L. Levin |
| Kinase suppressor of Ras is ceramide-activated protein kinase. | Biological sciences | Richard Kolesnick, Bei Yao, Yuhua Zhang, Sylvie Delikat, Subham Basu, Shariff Bayoumy, Xin-Hua Lin, Michael McGinley, Po-Ying Chan-Hui, Henri Lichenstein |
| Kinetochore localization of murine Bub1 is required for normal mitotic timing and checkpoint response to spindle damage. | Biological sciences | Frank McKeon, Stephen S. Taylor |
| KSHV and Kaposi's Sarcoma: the end of the beginning? (KS-associated herpesvirus) | Biological sciences | Don Ganem |
| Kuzbanian controls proteolytic processing of notch and mediates lateral inhibition during Drosophila and vertebrate neurogenesis. | Biological sciences | Gerald M. Rubin, Duojia Pan |
| La Dolce Vita: a molecular feast in plant-pathogen interactions. | Biological sciences | Jeff Dangl, Eric Holub |
| LEF-1, a nuclear factor coordinating signaling inputs from wingless and decapentaplegic. | Biological sciences | Mariann Bienz, Rudolf Grosschedl, Jens Riese, Xiang Yu, Audrey Munnerlyn, Salih Eresh, Shu-Chi Hsu |
| Life and cancer without telomerase. | Biological sciences | Virginia A. Zakian |
| Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. | Biological sciences | Jennifer J. Loros, Jay C. Dunlap, Hitoshi Okamura, Hajime Tei, Yasufumi Shigeyoshi, Kouji Taguchi, Shuzo Yamamoto, Seiichi Takekida, Lily Yan, Takahiro Moriya, Shigenobu Shibata |
| Loading of an Mcm protein onto DNA replication origins is regulated by Cdc6p and CDKs. | Biological sciences | Kim Nasmyth, Dunja Knapp, Tomoyuki Tanaka |
| Lonely no more: p53 finds its kin in a tumor suppressor haven. | Biological sciences | Moshe Oren |
| Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening. | Biological sciences | Vladimir L. Makarov, John P. Langmore, Yoko Hirose |
| Macrophage-derived metalloelastase is responsible for the generation of angiostatin in Lewis lung carcinoma. | Biological sciences | Rakesh Kumar, Zhongyun Dong, Xiulan Yang, Isaiah J. Fidler |
| Mad cows meet psi-chotic yeast: the expansion of the prion hypothesis. | Biological sciences | Susan Lindquist |
| Major domain swiveling revealed by the crystal structures of complexes of E. coli Rep helicase bound to single-stranded DNA and ADP. (adenosine triphosphate) | Biological sciences | Gabriel Waksman, Timothy M. Lohman, Sergey Korolev, John Hsieh, George H. Gauss |
| MAP kinases with distinct inhibitory functions impart signaling specificity during yeast differentiation. | Biological sciences | Gerald R. Fink, Hiten D. Madhani, Cora A. Styles |
| MARK, a novel family of protein kinases that phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins and trigger microtubule disruption. | Biological sciences | Gerard Drewes, Andreas Ebneth, Ute Preuss, Eva-Maria Mandelkow, Eckhard Mandelkow |
| MeCP2 is a transcriptional repressor with abundant binding sites in genomic chromatin. | Biological sciences | Adrian Bird, Xinsheng Nan, F. Javier Campoy |
| Meiosis-specific DNA double-strand breaks are catalyzed by Spo11, a member of a widely conserved protein family. | Biological sciences | Scott Keeney, Nancy Kleckner, Craig N. Giroux |
| Membrane protein biogenesis: Regulated complexity at the endoplasmic reticulum. | Biological sciences | Ramanujan s. Hegde, Vishwanath R. Langappa |
| Metalloprotease-disintegrins: links to cell adhesion and cleavage of TNFalpha and notch. (tumor necrosis factor) | Biological sciences | Carl P. Blobel |
| Metals, motifs, and recognition in the crystal structure of a 5S rRNA domain. | Biological sciences | Peter B. Moore, Carl C. Correll, Betty Freeborn, Thomas a. Steitz |
| MHC restriction in three dimensions: a view of T cell receptor/ligand interactions. (major histocompatibility complex) | Biological sciences | Pamela J. Bjorkman |
| Mice lacking dopamine D4 receptors are supersensitive to ethanol, cocaine, and methamphetamine. | Biological sciences | Marcelo Rubinstein, Malcolm J. Low, David K. Grandy, James R. Bunzow, Ge Zhang, Tamara J. Phillips, Tomas L. Falzone, Gustavo Dziewczapolski, Yuan Fang, Jennifer L. Larson, John A. McDougall, Julia A. Chester, Carmen Saez, Thomas A. Pugsley, Oscar Gershanik |
| Microtubule function in morphological differentiation: growth zones and growth cones. | Biological sciences | Leticia R. Vega, Frank Solomon |
| Microtubule interaction site of the kinesin motor. | Biological sciences | Ronald D. Vale, Gunther Woehlke, Nora Hom-Booher, Aaron K. Ruby, Cynthia L. Hart, Bernice Ly |
| Miranda is required for the asymmetric localization of Prospero during mitosis in drosophila. | Biological sciences | Yuh Nung Jan, Lily Y. Jan, Chun-Pyn Shen |
| Mis6, a fission yeast inner centromere protein, acts during G1/S and forms specialized chromatin required for equal segregation. | Biological sciences | Mitsuhiro Yanagida, Kohta Takahashi, Shigeaki Saitoh |
| Mitochondria are excitable organelles capable of generating and conveying electrical and calcium signals. | Biological sciences | Laurence S. Jouaville, Francois Ichas, Jean-Pierre Mazat |
| MLP-deficient mice exhibit a disruption of cardiac cytoarchitectural organization, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. | Biological sciences | Silvia Arber, Kenneth R. Chien, John Ross Jr., John J. Hunter, Jean-Claude Perriard, Pico Caroni, Minoru Hongo, Gilles Sansig, Jacques Borg |
| Mobility of yeast mitochondrial group II introns: engineering a new site specificity and retrohoming via full reverse splicing. | Biological sciences | Alan M. Lambowitz, Jian Yang, Philip S. Perlman, Robert Eskes |
| Molecular basis for the binding promiscuity of an Anti-p24 (HIV-1) monoclonal antibody. | Biological sciences | Wolfgang Hohne, Achim Kramer, Jens Schneider-Mergener, Thomas Keitel, Karsten Winkler, Walter Stocklein |
| Molecular basis of sulfite oxidase deficiency from the structure of sulfite oxidase. | Biological sciences | Robert M. Garrett, K.V. Rajagopalan, Hermann Schindelin, Caroline Kisker, D.C. Rees, John H. Enemark, Andrew Pacheco, William A. Wehbi |
| Molecular mechanism of membrane protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum. | Biological sciences | Sven U. Heinrich, Walther Mothes, Josef Brunner, Tom A. Rapoport, IngMarie Nilsson, Gunnar von Heijne, Roland Graf |
| Molecular mechanisms in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. | Biological sciences | Alessandro Moretta |
| Molecular mechanisms of endocytosis. | Biological sciences | Howard Riezman, Mark Marsh, Philip G. Woodman, Gerit van Meer |
| Molecular models for vertebrate limb development. | Biological sciences | Randy L. Johnson, Clifford J. Tabin |
| Molecular organization in site-specific recombination: the catalytic domain of bacteriophage HP1 integrase at 2.7 angstrom resolution. | Biological sciences | Fred Dyda, Alison Burgess Hickman, Shani Waninger, John J. Scocca |
| Molecular reconstruction of Sleeping Beauty, a Tc1-like transposon from fish, and its transposition in human cells. | Biological sciences | Zoltan Ivics, Perry B. Hackett, Ronald H. Plasterk, Zsuzsanna Izsvak |
| Monoallelically expressed gene related to p53 at 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other human cancers. | Biological sciences | Annie Yang, Mourad Kaghad, Helene Bonnet, Frank McKeon, Daniel Caput, Pascual Ferrara, Laurent Creancier, Jean-Christophe Biscan, Alexandre Valent, Adrian Minty, Pascale Chalon, Jean-Michel Lelias, Xavier Dumont |
| mRNA silencing in erythroid differentiation: hnRNP K and hnRNP E1 regulate 15-lipoxygenase translation from the 3prime end. | Biological sciences | Matthias Wilm, Matthias Mann, Dirk H. Ostareck, Antje Ostareck-Lederer, Matthias W. Hentze, Bernd J. Thiele |
| Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase 2-deficient mice. | Biological sciences | Sudhansu K. Dey, Robert Langenbach, Joseph E. Dinchuk, James M. Trzaskos, Hyunjung Lim, Bibhash C. Paria, Sanjoy K. das |
| Multiple TATA-binding factors come back into style. (adding new factors that contribute to eukaryotic transcription) | Biological sciences | Stephen Buratowski |
| Mutation in the mismatch repair gene Msh6 causes cancer susceptibility. | Biological sciences | Paula E. Cohen, Raju Kucherlapati, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Joerg Heyer, Gray F. Crouse, Kirkland Lau, Asad Umar, Thomas Kunkel, Winfred Edelmann, Kan Yang, Kunhua Fan, Wolfgang Lidke, Micthel F. Kane, James R. Lipford, Nianjun Yu, Martin Lipkin, Richard Kolonder |
| Mutation of the Ca2+ channel beta subunit gene Cchb4 is associated with ataxia and seizures in the lethargic (lh) mouse. | Biological sciences | Julie M. Jones, Jeffrey L. Noebels, Miriam H. Meisler, Daniel L. Burgess |
| Mutations involving the transcription factor Cbfa1 cause cleidocranial dysplasia. | Biological sciences | M.J. Owen, W.G. Cole, D. Lindhout, S. Mundlos, F. Otto, C. Mundlos, J.B. Mulliken, A.S. Aylsworth, S. Albright, W. Henn, J.H.M. Knoll, R. Mertelsmann, B.U. Zabel, B.R. Olsen |
| Mutator specificity and disease: looking over the FENce. (Flap EndoNuclease) | Biological sciences | Thomas A. Kunkel, Dmitry A. Gordenin, Michael A. Resnick |
| MyoD meets its maker. | Biological sciences | Eric N. Olson, Alan Rawls |
| Neanderthal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. | Biological sciences | Svante Paabo, Mark Stoneking, Matthias Krings, Anne Stone, Ralf W. Schmitz, Heike Krainitzki |
| Neural targeting of Mycobacterium leprae mediated by the G domain of the laminin-alpha-2 chain. | Biological sciences | James L. Salzer, Anura Rambukkana, Peter D. Yurchenco, Elaine I. Tuomanen |
| Neuronal death in the hippocampus is promoted by plasmin-catalyzed degradation of laminin. | Biological sciences | Sidney Strickland, Zu-Lin Chen |
| Neuropilin is a receptor for the axonal chemorepellent Semophorin III. | Biological sciences | Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Zhigang He |
| Neuropilin is a Semaphorin III receptor. | Biological sciences | Roman J. Giger, Alex L. Kolodkin, David D. Ginty, Dorothy V. Lavengood, Erica G. Rowe, Yu-Tzu Tai |
| NF-kappaB activation: The IkappaB kinase revealed? | Biological sciences | David Baltimore, Ilana Stancovski |
| Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent. | Biological sciences | Gerald R. Fink, Hsiu-Jung Lo, Julia R. Kohler, Beth DiDomenico, David Loebenberg, Anthony Cacciapuoti |
| Nonhomologous RNA recombination in a cell-free system: evidence for a transesterification mechanism guided by secondary structure. | Biological sciences | Alexander A. Demidenko, Alexander B. Chetverin, Helena V. Chetverina, Victor I. Ugarov |
| Notch activity influences the alpha-beta versus gamma-delta T cell lineage decision. | Biological sciences | Thomas Gridley, B.J. Fowlkes, Tracy Washburn, Dragana Cado, David Chang, Ellen Robey, Edina Schweighoffer |
| Novel disease resistance specificities result from sequence exchange between tandemly repeated genes at the Cf-4/9 locus of tomato. | Biological sciences | David A. Jones, Colwyn M. Thomas, Jonathan D.G. Jones, Martin Parniske, Kate Harrison, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Catherine Golstein, Brande B.H. Wulff |
| Nuclear export receptors: From importin to exportin. | Biological sciences | Katharine S. Ullman, Maureen A. Powers, Douglass Forbes |
| Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300. | Biological sciences | Ronald M. Evans, Yoshihiro Nakatani, Laszlo Nagy, Debabrata Chakravarti, R. Louis Schiltz, Hongwu Chen, Richard J. Lin, Alyssa Nash, Martin L. Privalsky |
| Nuclear receptor repression mediated by a complex containing SMRT, mSin3A, and histone deacetylase. | Biological sciences | Hung-Ying Kao, Ronald M. Evans, Donald E. Ayer, Laszlo Nagy, Debabrata Chakravarti, Stuart L. Schreiber, Christian A. Hassig |
| Nuclear receptors in Sicily: all in the famiglia. (EMBO workshop on structure and function of nuclear receptors) | Biological sciences | Ronald M. Evans, Thomas Perlmann |
| Nuclear translocation of Extradenticle requires homothorax, which encodes an extradenticle-related homeodomain protein. | Biological sciences | Richard S. Mann, Muna Abu-Shaar, Garielle E. Rieckhof, Hyung Don Ryoo, Fernando Casares |
| Olfactory receptors, vomeronasal receptors, and the organization of olfactory information. | Biological sciences | Cornelia I. Bargmann |
| Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. | Biological sciences | Manuel Serrano, Mila E. McCurrach, Scott W. Lowe, David Beach, Athena W. Lin |
| Oncoprotein networks. | Biological sciences | Tony Hunter |
| Oral somatic transgene vaccination using attenuated S. typhimurium. | Biological sciences | Jurgen Wehland, Kenneth N. Timmis, Trinad Chakraborty, Carlos A. Guzman, Ayub Darji, Birgit Gerstel, Petra Wachholz, Siegfried Weiss |
| Organelle structure, function, and inheritance in yeast: a role for fatty acid synthesis? | Biological sciences | Roger Schneiter, Sepp D. Kohlwein |
| Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. | Biological sciences | Patricia Ducy, Valerie Geoffroy, Rui Zhang, Amy L. Ridall, Gerard Karseny |
| Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. | Biological sciences | R. Lee, W.S. Simonet, D.L. Lacey, C.R. Dunstan, M. Kelley, M.-S. Chang, R. Luthy, H.Q. Nguyen, S. Wooden, L. Bennett, T. Boone, G. Shimamoto, M. DeRose, R. Elliott, A. Colombero, H.-L. Tan, G. Trail, J. Sullivan, E. Davy, N. Bucay, L. Renshaw-Gegg, T.M. Hughes, D. Hill, W. Pattison, P. Campbell, S. Sander, G. Van, J. Tarpley, P. Derby, W.J. Boyle |
| P53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. | Biological sciences | Arnold J. Levine |
| p62(super dok): a constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated GAP-associated protein in chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitor cells. | Biological sciences | Bruce Stillman, Bayard Clarkson, Ryuji Kobayashi, Nick Carpino, David Wisniewski, Annabel Strife, Daniel Marshak |
| Parsing the heart: genetic modules for organ assembly. | Biological sciences | Eric N. Olson, Mark C. Fishman |
| Pax6 controls progenitor cell identity and neuronal fate in response to graded Shh signaling. | Biological sciences | J. Briscoe, T.M. Jessell, J. Ericson, P. Rashbass, A. Schedl, S. Brenner-Morton, A. Kawakami, V. van Heynigen |
| PDZ-like domains mediate binding specificity in the Clp/Hsp 100 family of chaperones and protease regulatory subunits. | Biological sciences | Robert T. Sauer, Nathan P. Walsh, Tania A. Baker, Igor Levchenko, Catherine K. Smith |
| Pex14p, a peroxisomal membrane protein binding both receptors of the two PTS-dependent import pathways. | Biological sciences | Wolf-H. Kunau, Jan A.K.W. Kiel, Peter Rehling, Marten Veenhuis, Markus Albertini, Ralf Erdmann, Wolfgang Girzalsky |
| Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection. (response to Philippe Gallay et al., Cell, vol. 80, p. 379, 1995) | Biological sciences | Malcolm A. Martin, Eric O. Freed, George Englund, Frank Maldarelli |
| Phosphorylation of the human La antigen on serine 366 can regulate recycling of RNA polymerase III transcription complexes. (ribonucleic acid) | Biological sciences | Jun Qin, Xiaolong Zhang, Richard J. Maraia, Hao Fan, Amy L. Sakulich, John L. Goodier |
| Photoreceptor cell differentiation requires regulated proteolysis of the transcriptional repressor Tramtrack. | Biological sciences | Ying Li, Richard W. Carthew, Songhui Li, Zhi-Chun Lai |
| PHYL acts to down-regulate TTK88, a transcriptional repressor of neuronal cell fates, by a SINA-dependent mechanism. (Phyllopod, Tramtrack, Seven In Absentia) | Biological sciences | Gerald M. Rubin, Elaine Kwan, Thomas P. Neufeld, Amy H. Tang |
| Phytochrome: if it looks and smells like a histidine kinase, is it a histidine kinase? | Biological sciences | Joanne Chory, Tedd D. Elich |
| PI3K: downstream AKTion blocks apoptosis. | Biological sciences | Lewis C. Cantley, David R. Kaplan, Thomas F. Franke |
| Plasminogen is required for efficient dissemination of B. burgdoferi in ticks and for enhancement of spirochetemia in mice. | Biological sciences | Jorge L. Benach, Joseph Piesman, Thomas H. Bugge, James L. Coleman, Joseph A. Gebbia, Jay L. Regen |
| Positional cloning of the mouse circadian Clock gene. | Biological sciences | Lisa D. Wilsbacher, Joseph S. Takahashi, Fred W. Turek, Marina P. Antoch, Minoru Tanaka, David P. King, Yaliang Zhao, Ashvin M. Sangoram, Thomas D.L. Steeves, Martha Hotz Vitaterna, Jon M. Kornhauser, Phillip L. Lowrey |
| Pre-mRNA processing and the CTD of RNA polymerase II: the tail that wags the dog? (messenger RNA; carboxy-terminal domain) | Biological sciences | Eric J. Steinmetz |
| Production of a DPP activity gradient in the early drosophila embryo through the opposing actions of the SOG and TLD proteins. | Biological sciences | Ken W.Y. Cho, Michael B. O'Connor, Guillermo Marques, Michele Musacchio, Mary Jane Shimmell, Katrin Wunnenberg-Stapleton |
| Programmed cell death in animal development. | Biological sciences | Michael D. Jacobson, Martin C. Raff, Miguel Weil |
| Promoting in tandem: the promoter for telomere transposon HeT-A and implications for the evolution of retroviral LTRs. (non-long terminal repeats) | Biological sciences | K.L. Traverse, O.N. Danilevskaya, I.R. Arkhipova, M.L. Pardue |
| Properties of H. volcanii tRNA intron endonuclease reveal a relationship between the Archaeal and Eucaryal tRNA intron processing systems. | Biological sciences | Karen Kleman-Leyer, Charles J. Daniels, David W. Armbruster |
| Protein folding in vivo: unraveling complex pathways. | Biological sciences | Elizabeth A. Craig, Jill L. Johnson |
| Protein interactions regulating vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. | Biological sciences | Richard H. Scheller, Jesse C. Hay, Daniel S. Chao, Christin S. Kuo |
| Protein-protein communication: structural model of the repression complex formed by CytR and the global regulator CRP. (cAMP receptor protein) | Biological sciences | Birgitte H. Kallipolitis, Mads Norregaard-Madsen, Poul Valentin-Hansen |
| Protein translocation channels in the proteasome and other proteases. | Biological sciences | Daniel Finley, Christopher N. Larsen |
| Protein translocation in the three domains of life: Variations on a theme. | Biological sciences | Jon Beckwith, Enno Hartmann, Mechthild Pohlschroder, Will A. Prinz |
| Proteolysis that is inhibited by hedgehog targets cubitus interrupts protein to the nucleus and converts it to a repressor. | Biological sciences | Felipe-Andres Ramirez-Weber, Thomas B. Kornberg, Pedro Aza-Blanc, Marie-Pierre Laget, Carol Schwartz |
| Putting it all together: building a prereplicative complex. | Biological sciences | Carol S. Newlon |
| RAG1 and RAG2 form a stable postcleavage synaptic complex with DNA containing signal ends in V(D)J recombination. | Biological sciences | David G. Schatz, Alka Agrawal |
| Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus by allogenic stimulation of blood cells from healthy donors. | Biological sciences | Jay A. Nelson, Cecilia Soderberg-Naucler, Kenneth N. Fish |
| Recognition of a transmembrane domain: another role for the ribosome? | Biological sciences | Vivian Siegel |
| Recombinational DNA repair: The RecF and RecR proteins limit the extension of RecA filaments beyond single-strand DNA gaps. | Biological sciences | Brian L. Webb, Michael M Cox, Ross B. Inman |
| Recruitment of p300/CBP in p53-dependent signal pathways. | Biological sciences | Vasily Ogryzko, Kathleen Kelly, Arthur S. Levine, Maria Laura Avantaggiati, Kevin Gardner, Antonio Giordano |
| Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD. | Biological sciences | Margaret Buckingham, Didier Rocancourt, Shahragim Tajbakhsh, Giulio Cossu |
| Redistribution of silencing proteins from telomeres to the nucleolus is associated with extension of life span in S. cerevisiae. | Biological sciences | Susan M. Gasser, Leonard Guarente, Brian K. Kennedy, David A. Sinclair, Monica Gotta, David S. McNabb, Kevin Mills, Mala Murthy, Sally M. Pak |
| Redox signal transduction: mutations shifting [2Fe-2S] centers of the SoxR sensor-regulator to the oxidized form. | Biological sciences | Bruce Demple, Elena Hidalgo, Huangen Ding |
| Reduced X-ray resistance and homologous recombination frequencies in a RAD54-l- mutant of the chicken DT40 cell line. | Biological sciences | Shunichi Takeda, Olga Bezzubova, Arkadiy Silbergleit, Yuko Yamaguchi-Iwai, Jean-Marie Buerstedde |
| Regulating the yeast kinetochore by ubiquitin-dependent degradation and Skp1p-mediated phophorylation. | Biological sciences | Peter K. Sorger, Anthony A. Hyman, Kenneth B. Kaplan |
| Regulation of IRK3 inward rectifier K+ channel by m1 acetylcholine receptor and intracellular magnesium. | Biological sciences | Lily Yeh Jan, Yuh Nung Jan, Haui-hu Chuang |
| Regulatio of Golgi structure through heterotrimeric G proteins. | Biological sciences | Peter A. Takizawa, Colin Jamora, Rania F. Zaarour, Caroline Denesvre, D. John Faulkner, Malhotra Vivek |
| Regulatory mechanisms in stem cell biology. | Biological sciences | David J. Anderson, Sean J. Morrison, Nirao M. Shah |
| Regulatory subunits of energy-dependent proteases. | Biological sciences | Michael R. Maurizi, Sue Wickner, Suasan Gottesman |
| Repression by Ume6 involves recruitment of a complex containing Sin3 corepressor and Rpd3 histone deacetylase to target promoters. | Biological sciences | Kevin Struhl, David Kadosh |
| Reprogramming chemotaxis responses: sensory neurons define olfactory preferences in C. elegans. | Biological sciences | Cornelia I. Bargmann, Emily R. Troemel, Bruce E. Kimmel |
| Revertant mosaicism in epidermolysis bullosa caused by mitotic gene conversion. | Biological sciences | Jouni Uitto, Leena Pulkkinen, Hans Scheffer, Marcel F. Jonkman, Rein Stulp, Hendri H. Pas, Miranda Nijenhuis, Klaas Heeres, Katsushi Owaribe |
| RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. | Biological sciences | Urs Albrecht, Gregor Eichele, Zhong Sheng Sun, Olga Zhuchenko, Jennifer Bailey, Cheng Chi Lee |
| RNA helicase A mediates association of CBP with RNA polymerase II. | Biological sciences | Chee-Gun Lee, Marc Montminy, Jeffrey D. Parvin, Toshihiro Nakajima, Jerard Hurwitz, Stephen F. Anderson, Chiharu Uchida |
| RNA-mediated RNA degradation and chalcone synthase A silencing in petunia. | Biological sciences | P.D. Cluster, M. Metzlaff, M. O'Dell, R.B. Flavell |
| RNA polymerase II holoenzyme recruitment is sufficient to remodel chromatin at the yeast PHO5 promoter. | Biological sciences | Mark Ptashne, Wolfram Horz, Luc Gaudreau, Andrea Schmid, Dorothea Blaschke |
| RNA polymerase slides home: pause and termination site recognition.(Minireview) | Biological sciences | Robert Landick |
| RNA structure comes of age. | Biological sciences | Olke C. Uhlenbeck, Juli Feigon, Arthur Pardi |
| Role of a new Rho family member in cell migration and axon guidance in C. elegans. | Biological sciences | Ilan D. Zipkin, Rachel M. Kindt, Cynthia J. Kenyon |
| Role of Drosophila alpha-adaptin in presynaptic vesicle recycling. | Biological sciences | Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan, Herbert Jackle |
| Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras. | Biological sciences | Anne Ridley, Julian Downward, Michael D. Waterfield, Patricia Warne, Pablo Rodriguez-Viciana, Darryl Pappin, Pamela Das, Asim Khwaja, Barbara M. Marte |
| rox1 RNA paints the X chromosome of male Drosophila and is regulatd by the dosage compensation system. | Biological sciences | Ronald L. Davis, Mitzi I. Kuroda, Gregg Roman, Victoria H. Meller, Kwok Hang Wu |
| Secreted fringe-like signaling molecules maybe glycosyltransferases.(Letter to the Editor) | Biological sciences | Peer Bork, Marek Mlodzik, Yan P. Yuan, Jorg Schultz |
| Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: a macrophage product induced by and antagonistic to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | Biological sciences | Carl Nathan, Aihao Ding, Fen-Yu Jin, Danuta Radzioch |
| Self-seeded fibers formed by Sup35, the protein determinant of [PSI+], a heritable prion-like factor of S. cerevisiae. | Biological sciences | Susan Lindquist, John R. Glover, Anthony S. Kowal, Eric C. Schirmer, Maria M. Patino, Jia-Jia Liu |
| SH2 signaling in a lower eukaryote: a STAT protein that regulates stalk cell differentiation in dictyostelium. | Biological sciences | Matthias Mann, Masashi Fukuzawa, Nicholas F. Totty, Andrej Shevchenko, Takefumi Kawata, Keith A. Jermyn, Natasha V. Zhukovskaya, Alistair E. Sterling, Jeffrey G. Williams |
| Site-specific pseudouridine formation in preribosomal RNA is guided by small nucleolar RNAs. | Biological sciences | Tamas Kiss, Philippe Ganot, Marie-Line Bortolin |
| Skeletal and cardiac myopathies in mice lacking utrophin and dystrophin: a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. | Biological sciences | Joshua R. Sanes, R. Mark Grady, Haibing Teng, Mia C. Nichol, Jeanette C. Cunningham, Robert S. Wilkinson |
| Skeletal and CNS defects in Presenilin-1-deficient mice. (central nervous system) | Biological sciences | Dennis J. Selkoe, Roderick T. Bronson, Susumu Tonegawa, Dong Feng Chen, Jia Shen, Weiming Xia |
| Small nucleolar RNAs direct site-specific synthesis of pseudouridine in ribosomal RNA. | Biological sciences | Jingwei Ni, Amy L. Tien, Maurille J. Fournier |
| Sno storm in the nucleolus: new roles for myriad small RNPs. (ribonucleoproteins) | Biological sciences | Joan A. Steitz, Christine M. Smith |
| Social interaction and sensorimotor gating abnormalities in mice lacking Dv/1. | Biological sciences | Anthony Wynshaw-Boris, Jacqueline N. Crawley, Karl Herrup, Michael P. McDonald, Richard Paylor, Nardos Lijam, Chu-Xia Deng, E Karen Stevens, Gianmaria Maccaferri, Chris J. McBain, Daniel J. Sussman |
| Sodium/hydrogen exchanger gene defect in slow-wave epilepsy mutant mice. | Biological sciences | Roderick T. Bronson, Wayne N. Frankel, Jeffrey L. Noebels, Cathleen M. Lutz, Gregory A. Cox, Chao-Ling Yang, Daniel Biemesderfer, Audrey Fu, Peter S. Aronson |
| Solution structure of the KIX domain of CBP bound to the transactivation domain of CREB: a model for activator:coactivator interactions. | Biological sciences | Ishwar Radhakrishnan, David Parker, Peter E. Wright, H. Jane Dyson, Marc R. Montminy, Gabriela C. Perez-Alvarado |
| Somatic mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a blessing in disguise? | Biological sciences | Lucio Luzzatto, Bruno Rotoli, Monica Bessler |
| Splicing into senescence: The curious case of p16 and p19ARF. | Biological sciences | Daniel A. Haber |
| Stabilization of Xist RNA mediates initiation of X chromosome inactivation. | Biological sciences | Steven A. Sheardown, Sohaila Rastan, Neil Brockdorff, Tatyana B. Nesterova, Colette M. Johnston, Sarah M. Duthie, Alistair E.T. Newall, Emma J. Formstone, Ruth M. Arkell, Gian-Carlo Alghisi |
| Starting at the beginning, middle, and end: translation initiation in eukaryotes. | Biological sciences | Alan B. Sachs, Peter Sarnow, Matthias W. Hentze |
| Stimulation of RARalpha activation function AF-1 through binding to the general transcription factor TFIIH and phosphorylation by CDK7. | Biological sciences | Jean-Marc Egly, Pierre Chambon, Cecile Rochette-Egly, Sylvie Adam, Mireille Rossingol |
| Structural adaptations in the specialized bacteriophage T4 co-chaperonin Gp31 expand the size of the Anfinsen cage. | Biological sciences | John F. Hunt, Johann Deisenhofer, Saskia M. van der Vies, Lisa Henry |
| Structural and functional analysis of the mitotic rotamase pin1 suggests substrate recognition is phosphorylation dependent. | Biological sciences | Tony Hunter, Joseph P. Noel, Kun Ping Lu, Rama Ranganathan |
| Structurally related receptors and antagonists compete for secreted Wnt ligands.(Minireview) | Biological sciences | Randall T. Moon, Jeffrey D. Brown, Julia A. Yang-Snyder, Jeffrey R. Miller |
| Structure and conformational changes in NSF and its membrane receptor complexes visualized by quick-freeze/deep-etch electron microscopy. | Biological sciences | Reinhard Jahn, Phyllis I. Hanson, John E. Heuser, Robyn Roth, Hiroshi Morisaki |
| Structure of a cholesterol-binding, thiol-activated cytolysin and a model of its membrane form. | Biological sciences | Michael W. Parker, Jamie Rossjohn, Rodney K. Tweten, Susanne C. Feil, William J. McKinstry |
| Structure of an enzyme required for aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance reveals homology to eukaryotic protein kinases. | Biological sciences | Robert M. Sweet, Gerard D. Wright, Paul R. Thompson, Albert M. Berghuis, Wai-Ching Hon, Geoffrey A. McKay, Daniel S. C. Yang |
| Structure of RGS4 bound to AIF4-activated Gialpha1: stabilization of the transition state for GTP hydrolysis. | Biological sciences | Alfred G. Gilman, Stephen R. Sprang, John J.G. Tesmer, David M. Berman |
| Structure of the substrate binding domain of the thermosome, an archaeal group II chaperonin. | Biological sciences | Wolfgang Baumeister, Lars-Oliver Essen, Martin Klumpp |
| Subcellular distribution of actively partitioning F plasmid during the cell division cycle in E. coli. | Biological sciences | Hironori Niki, Sota Hiraga |
| Suppression of integrin activation: a novel function of a Ras/Raf-initiated MAP kinase pathway. | Biological sciences | Martin Pfaff, Martin A. Schwartz, Virginia M. Keivens, Mark H. Ginsberg, Paul E. Hughes, Mark W. Renshaw, Jane Forsyth |
| Switching the model: a concerted mechanism for GTPases in protein targeting. (guanosine triphosphatases) | Biological sciences | David W. Andrews, Jonathan S. Millman |
| Synapse-specific, long-term facilitation of aplysia sensory to motor synapses: A function for local protein synthesis in memory storage. | Biological sciences | Eric R. Kandel, Andrea Casadio, Huixiang Zhu, Mary Chen, Craig H. Bailey, Kelsey C. Martin, E. Yaping, Jack C. Rose |
| TAFs: Guilt by association? (TATA box-binding protein-associated factors).(Minireview) | Biological sciences | William P. Tansey, Winship Herr |
| Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. (core-binding factor) | Biological sciences | T. Kishimoto, K. Sasaki, Y. Kitamura, R.T. Bronson, M. Sato, A. Yamaguchi, T. Komori, H. Yagi, S. Nomura, K. Deguchi, Y. Shimizu, Y.-H. Gao, M. Inada, R. Okamoto, S. Yoshiki |
| Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. | Biological sciences | Wei Gu, Roger D. Cone, Frank Lee, Dennis Huszar, L. Arthur Campfield, Lucy R. Berkemeier, Francoise J. Smith, Paul Burn, Catherine A. Lynch, Victoria Fairchild-Huntress, Judy H. Dunmore, Qing Fang, Robert A. Kesterson, Bruce A. Boston |
| Targeted gene disruption shows that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere under physiological shear stress. | Biological sciences | Sonia R. Caruana, Alan F. Cowman, Brian M. Cooke, John C. Reeder, Graham V. Brown, Brendan S. Crabb, Ross F. Waller, Kathleen M. Davern, Mark E. Wickham, Ross L. Coppel |
| tea1 and the microtubular cytoskeleton are important for generating global spatial order within the fission yeast cell. | Biological sciences | Paul M. Nurse, Juan Mata |
| Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA.(Cover Story) | Biological sciences | Han-Woong Lee, Maria A. Blasco, Carol W. Greider, Ronald A. DePinho, M. Prakash Hande, Peter M. Lansdorp, Enrique Samper |
| Termination of mammalian rDNA replication: polar arrest of replication fork movement by transcription termination factor TTF-I. | Biological sciences | Ingrid Grummt, Josef-Karl Gerber, Eric Gogel, Christian Berger, Michael Wallisch, Friedemann Muller, Friedrich Grummt |
| The AP-3 adaptor complex is essential for cargo-selective transport to the yeast vacuole. | Biological sciences | Gregory S. Payne, Scott D. Emr, Christopher R. Cowles, Greg Odorizzi |
| The aqueous pore through the translocon has a diameter of 40-60 angstrom during cotranslational protein translocation at the ER membrane. (endoplasmic reticulum) | Biological sciences | Arthur E. Johnson, Brian D. Hamman, Jui-Chang Chen, Edward E. Johnson |
| The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats. | Biological sciences | Xinnian Dong, Hui Cao, Jane Glazebrook, Joseph D. Clarke, Sigrid Volko |
| The barley Mlo gene: a novel control element of plant pathogen resistance. | Biological sciences | Paul Schulze-Lefert, Karin Hollricher, Ralph Panstruga, Francesco Salamini, Rainer Buschges, Guus Simons, Marietta Wolter, Adrie Frijters, Raymond von Daelen, Theo van der Lee, Paul Diergaarde, John Groenendijk, Sonja Topsch, Peter Vos |
| The cat and mouse games that genes, viruses and cells play. | Biological sciences | Robert A. Weinberg |
| The CLAVATA1 gene encodes a putative receptor kinase that controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis. | Biological sciences | Elliot M. Meyerowitz, Steven E. Clark, Robert W. Williams |
| The cold shock domain protein LIN-28 controls developmental timing in C. elegans and is regulated by the lin-4 RNA. (ribonucleic acid) | Biological sciences | Victor Ambros, Eric G. Moss, Rosalind C. Lee |
| The crystal structure of dimeric kinesin and implications for microtubule-dependent motility. | Biological sciences | A. Thompson, F. Kozielski, S. Sack, A. Marx, M. Thormahlen, E. Schonbrunn, V. Biou, E.M. Mandelkow, E. Mandelkow |
| The crystal structure of plasma gelsolin: implications for actin severing, capping and nucleation. | Biological sciences | David I. Stuart, E. Yvonne Jones, Jonathan Grimes, Leslie D. Burtnick, Edward K. Koepf, Paul J. McLaughlin, Robert C. Robinson |
| The C-terminal domain of ToIA is the coreceptor for filamentous phage infection of E. coli. | Biological sciences | Philipp Holliger, Lutz Riechmann |
| The directional preference of kinesin motors is specified by an element outside of the motor catalytic domain. | Biological sciences | Ronald D. Vale, Nora Hom-Booher, Cynthia L. Hart, Ryan B. Case, Daniel w. Pierce |
| The E. coli signal recognition particle is required for the insertion of a subset of inner membrane proteins. | Biological sciences | Nancy D. Ulbrandt, John A. Newitt, Harris D. Bernstein |
| The eucaryal tRNA splicing endonuclease recognizes a tripartite set of RNA elements. | Biological sciences | E. Di Nicola Negri, S. Fabbri, E. Bufardeci, M. I. Baldi, D. Gandini Attardi, E. Mattoccia, G. P. Tocchini-Valentini |
| The exosome: a conserved eukaryotic RNA processing complex containing multiple 3' - 5' exoribonucleases. | Biological sciences | Matthias Mann, David Tollervey, Elisabeth Petfalski, Philip Mitchell, Adrej Shevchenko |
| The eye-specification proteins so and eya form a complex and regulate multiple steps in Drosophila eye development. | Biological sciences | Paul A. Garrity, Francesca Pignoni, Birong Hu , kenton H. Zavitz, Jian Xiao, S. Lawrence Zipursky |
| The G-beta-gamma sensitivity of a PI3K is dependent upon a tightly associated adaptor, p101. | Biological sciences | P.T. Hawkins, L.R. Stephens, F. Cooke, A. Eguinoa, H. Erdjument-Bromage, M. Lui, J. Coadwell, A.S. Smrcka, M. Thelen, K. Cadwallader, P. Tempst |
| The homebox gene GBX2, a target of the myb oncogene, mediates autocrine growth and monocyte differentiation. | Biological sciences | Achim Leutz, Elisabeth Kowenz-Leutz, Petra Herr, Knut Nis |
| The human mismatch recognition complex hMSH2-hMSH6 functions as a novel molecular switch. | Biological sciences | Scott Gradia, Samir Acharya, Richard Fishel |
| The hypoxic response: huffing and HIFing. | Biological sciences | Mark A. Krasnow, Karen Guillemin |
| The IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) contains two kinase subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta, necessary for IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. | Biological sciences | Michael Karin, Mireille Delhase, Ebrahim Zandi, David M. Rothwarf, Makio Hayakawa |
| The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGFbeta receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGFbeta signaling. | Biological sciences | Jeffrey L. Wrana, Mark A. Richardson, Dean Falb, Shirin Abdollah, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Yubin Qiu, Jiexing Cai, Yong-Yao Xu, Brian Grinnell, James N. Topper, Michael A. Gimbrone Jr. |
| The MHC reactivity of the T cell repertoire prior to positive and negative selection. (major histocompatibility complex) | Biological sciences | David H. Raulet, Werner Held, Jens Zerrahn |
| The minE ring: An FtsZ-independent cell structure required for selection of the correct division site in E. coli. | Biological sciences | David M. Raskin, Piet A.J. de Boer |
| The missing bone. (mineralized skeletons) | Biological sciences | Shun-ichi Harada, Gideon A. Rodan |
| The mouse Fused locus encodes axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation. | Biological sciences | Shirley M. Tilghman, Frank Costantini, Barry M. Gumbiner, Li Zeng, Francois Fagotto, Tong Zhang, Wei Hsu, Thomas J. Vsicek, William L. Perry III, James J. Lee |
| The on and off of floral regulatory genes. | Biological sciences | Hong Ma |
| The origins of V(D)J recombination. | Biological sciences | Susanna M. Lewis, Gillian E. Wu |
| The recombination hot spot chi is embedded within islands of preferred DNA pairing sequences in the E. coli genome.(Letter to the Editor) | Biological sciences | Stephen C. Kowalczykowski, Robert B. Tracy, Frederic Chedin |
| The regulation of anoikis: MEKK-1 activation requires cleavage by caspases. | Biological sciences | Guy S. Salvesen, Gary Johnson, Steven M. Frisch, Michael H. Cardone, Christian Widmann |
| The regulation of the Drosophila msl-2 gene reveals a function for sex-lethal in translational control. | Biological sciences | Bruce S. Baker, Greg J. Bashar |
| There is an upper limit of chromosome size for normal development of an organism. | Biological sciences | I. Schubert, J.L. Oud |
| There must be 50 ways to rule the signal: the case of the Drosophila EGF receptor. (epidermal growth factor) | Biological sciences | Norbert Perrimon, Lizabeth A. Perkins |
| The rho GTPase and a putative rhoGEF mediate a signaling pathway for the cell shape changes in Drosophila gastrulation. | Biological sciences | Maria Leptin, Jeffrey Settleman, Kathy Barrett |
| Thermally regulated translational control of frq mediates aspects of temperature responses in the neurospora circadian clock. | Biological sciences | Jennifer J. Loros, Jay C. Dunlap, Yi Liu, Norman Y. Garceau |
| The RNA-DNA hybrid maintains the register of transcription by preventing backtracking of RNA polymerase. | Biological sciences | Arkady Mustaev, Alex Goldfarb, Evgeny Nudler, Evgeny Lukhtanov |
| The role of Fas in autoimmune diabetes. | Biological sciences | Charles A. Janeway Jr., Yi Wang, Richard A. Flavell, Irene Visintin, Alexander V. Chervonsky, F. Susan Wong, Louis A. Matis |
| The secretory granule protein syncollin binds to syntaxin in a Ca2+-sensitive manner. | Biological sciences | Reinhard Jahn, J. Michael Edwardson, Seong An |
| The SMN-SIP1 complex has an essential role in spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis. | Biological sciences | Gideon Dreyfuss, Qing Liu, Utz Fischer |
| The solution structure of the S1 RNA binding domain: a member of an ancient nucleic acid-binding fold. | Biological sciences | Alexey G. Murzin, Mark Bycroft, Tim J.P. Hubbard, Mark Proctor, Stefan M.V. Freund |
| The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN, and its associated protein SIP1 are in a complex with spliceosomal snRNP proteins. | Biological sciences | Fan Wang, Utz Fischer, Gideon Dreyfuss, Qing Liu |
| The splicing factor BBP interacts specificically with the pre-mRNA branchpoint sequence UACUAAC. (branchpoint bridging protein; messenger RNA) | Biological sciences | Michael Rosbash, Robin Reed, J. Andrew Berglund, Katrin Chua, Nadja Abovich |
| The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor. (sterol regulatory element binding proteins) | Biological sciences | Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein |
| The store-operated calcium current Icrac: nonlinear activation by InsP3 and dissociation from calcium release. | Biological sciences | Andrea Fleig, Reinhold Penner, Anant B. Parekh |
| The structural basis for 14-3-3: Phosphopeptide binding specificity. | Biological sciences | Michael B. Yaffe, Lewis C. Cantley, Katrin Rittinger, Alastair Aitken, Steven J. Gamblin, Stefano Volinia, Paul R. Caron, Henrik Leffers, Stephen J Smerdon |
| The structure of ClpP at 2.3 A resolution suggests a model for ATP-dependent proteolysis. | Biological sciences | Jimin Wang, James A. Hartling, John M. Flanagan |
| The Tn10 synaptic complex can capture a target DNA only after transposon excision. | Biological sciences | Nancy Kleckner, Janice Sakai |
| The transcriptional activity of nf-kb is regulated by the ikb-associated pka subunit through a cyclic amp-dependent mechanism.(5) | Biological sciences | Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Paul Tempst, Sankar Ghosh, Helena SuYang, Haihong Zhong |
| The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. | Biological sciences | Richard A. Flavell, Wei-ping Zheng |
| The translocating RecBCD enzyme stimulates recombination by directing RecA protein onto ssDNA in a chi-regulated manner. | Biological sciences | Stephen C. Kowalczykowski, Daniel G. Anderson |
| The transmembrane kinase Ire1p is a site-specific endonuclease that initiates mRNA splicing in the unfolded protein response. | Biological sciences | Peter Walter, Carmela Sidrauski |
| The TSG101 tumor susceptibility gene is located in chromosome 11 band p15 and is mutated in human breast cancer. | Biological sciences | Stanley N. Cohen, Xu Li, Limin Li, Francke Uta |
| The vesicle docking protein p115 binds gm130, a cis-golgi matrix protein, in a mitotically regulated manner. | Biological sciences | Graham Warren, TimothyP. Levine, Martin Lowe, Nobuhiro Nakamura |
| The yeast La protein is required for the 3' endonucleolytic cleavage that matures tRNA precursors. | Biological sciences | Sandra L. Wolin, Christopher J. Yoo |
| The yeast phosphatidylinositol kinase homolog TOR2 activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the exchange factor ROM2. | Biological sciences | Michael N. Hall, Thomas Beck, Anja Schmidt, Marc Bickle |
| The yeast spindle pole body is assembled around a central crystal of Spc42p. | Biological sciences | Michael P. Rout, Esther Bullitt, Christopher W. Akey, John V. Kilmartin |
| The yeast splice site revisited: new exon consensus from genomic analysis. | Biological sciences | Walter Gilbert, Manyuan Long, Sandro J. de Souza |
| The yeast tRNA splicing endonuclease: A tetrameric enzyme with two active site subunits homologous to the archaeal tRNA endonucleases. | Biological sciences | Christopher R. Trotta, Feng Miao, Eric A. Arn, Scott W. Stevens, Calvin K. Ho, Reinhard Rauhut, John N. Abelson |
| Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. | Biological sciences | William I. Weis, W. James Nelson, Andrew H Huber |
| TLP1: a gene encoding a protein component of mammalian telomerase is a novel member of WD repeats family. | Biological sciences | Fuyuki Ishikawa, Jun-ichi Nakayama, Motoki Saito, Hideo Nakamura, Akira Matsuura |
| Topological selectivity in Xer site-specific recombination. | Biological sciences | David J. Sherratt, Sean D. Colloms, Jonathan Ath |
| Transcriptional checkpoints determining the fate of male germ cells. | Biological sciences | Paolo Sassone-Corsi |
| Transcription factor Sp1 is essential for early embryonic development but dispensable for cell growth and differentiation. | Biological sciences | Alar Karis, Frank Grosveld, Sjaak Philipsen, Marisol Marin, Pim Visser |
| Transcription properties of a cell type-specific TATA-binding protein, TRF. | Biological sciences | John T. Lis, Shinako Takada, Robert Tjian, Stig K. Hansen, Raymond H. Jacobson |
| Transcytosis and surface presentation of IL-8 by venular endothelial cells. | Biological sciences | Ian Clark-Lewis, James Middleton, Stuart Neil, Jonathan Wintle, Henrietta Moore, Charles Lam, Manfred Auer, Elin Hub, Antal Rot |
| Transient inhibition of histone deacetylation alters the structural and functional imprint at fission yeast centromeres. | Biological sciences | Robin C. Allshire, Karl Ekwall, Tim Olsson, Bryan M. Truner, Gwen Cranston |
| Transient Xist-ence. (coexistence of transcriptionally active and inactive homologous X chromosomes in a nucleus) | Biological sciences | Mitzi I. Kuroda, Victoria H. Meller |
| TRAP is necessary for gliding motility and infectivity of plasmodium sporozoites. (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) | Biological sciences | Andrea Crisanti, Ruth S. Nussenzweig, Victor Nussenzweig, Ute Frevert, Robert Menard, Ali A. Sultan, Vandana Thathy, Kathryn J.H. Robson |
| Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF. | Biological sciences | Martine F. Roussel, Charles J. Sherr, Frederique Zindy, James R. Downing, Dawn E. Quelle, Richard A. Ashmun, Gerard Grosveld, Takehiko Kamijo |
| Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is an immediate-early gene essential for long-term facilitation in aplysia. | Biological sciences | Eric R. Kandel, Mirella Ghirardi, Andrea Casadio, Ashok N. Hegde, Kaoru Inokuchi, Wanzheng Pei, Daniel G. Chain, Kelsey C. Martin, James H. Schwartz |
| Unified nomenclature for Eph family receptors and their ligands, the ephrins.(Letter to the Editor) | Biological sciences | |
| Utrophin-dystrophin-deficient mice as a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. | Biological sciences | Anne E. Deconinck, Laurent Metzinger, Susan C. Brown, Kay E. Davies, Jonathon M. Tinsley, Allyson C. Potter, Jill A. Rafael, Judith A. Skinner, Diana J. Watt, J. George Dickson |
| Vertebrate embryonic cells will become nerve cells unless told otherwise. | Biological sciences | Ali Hemmati-Brivanlou, Douglas Melton |
| Viral proteases: evolution of divers structural motifs to optimize function. | Biological sciences | Charles S. Craik, Lilia M. Babe |
| Visualization of ER-to-Golgi transport in living cells reveals a sequential model of action for COPII and COPI. | Biological sciences | Suzie J. Scales, Thomas E. Kreis, Rainer Pepperkok |
| When checkpoints fail. (DNA damage checkpoint) | Biological sciences | David P. Toczyski, Leland H. Hartwell, Amanda G. Paulovich |
| Wnt signaling and an APC-related gene specify endoderm in early C. elegans embryos. (adenomatous polyposis coli) | Biological sciences | Rueyling Lin, Craig C. Mello, Yanxia Bei, James R. Priess, Christian E. Rocheleau, William D. Downs, Claudia Wittmann, Yoon-Hee Cha, Mussa Ali |
| Wnt signaling polarizes an early C. elegans blastomere to distinguish endoderm from mesoderm. | Biological sciences | Bruce Bowerman, Christopher J. Thorpe, Ann Schlesinger, J. Clayton Carter |
| X chromosome inactivation is mediated by Xist RNA stabilization. | Biological sciences | Rudolf Jaenisch, Jessica Dausman, Barbara Panning |
| X-ray crystallography reveals a large conformational change during guanyl transfer by mRNA capping enzymes. (messenger RNA) | Biological sciences | Stewart Shuman, Dale B. Wigley, Aidan J. Doherty, Kjell Hakansson |
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